This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining how health literacy mediates the relationship between trust in public health authorities and distrust in health systems, particularly in the Turkish context. While previous studies have examined trust and health literacy separately, few have examined trust in health systems regarding health literacy and trust in public health authorities. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between trust in public health authorities and distrust in the health system. This research was carried out across Türkiye. In this context, 924 people over 18 years of age participated in the study. As data collection tools, the trust in public health authorities scale, the distrust in health systems scale, and the health literacy scale adapted to Turkish by the researchers were used. Data were collected online via the survey technique. Translation and back-translation methods were used in the scale's linguistic and cultural adaptation process. While content validity was assessed with expert opinions, structural validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the scale was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, the relationship between trust in public health authorities and distrust in health systems was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the mediating role of health literacy in this relationship was analyzed with Bootstrap methods. As a result of CFA the adequacy indices of the scale were chi-square/degrees of freedom = 2.940; GFI = 0.946; AGFI = 0.915; CFI = 0.957; NFI = 0.937; and RMSEA = 0.069. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.880. As a result of structural equation modeling, the total effect of Trust in Public Health Authorities on Distrust in Health Systems (β=-0.257; p < 0.001) and the impact on Health Literacy was found to be statistically significant (β=-0.130; p < 0.001). The indirect effects between Trust in Public Health Authorities and Distrust in Health Systems were calculated as -0.064 and - 0.096/-0.037 with a 95% confidence interval, and since these values ​​did not include the 0 range, the indirect effects were found to be statistically significant. As a result of the research, it was concluded that health literacy mediates the relationship between trust in public health authorities and distrust in health systems. In this context, public health authorities can pay more attention to sharing information in clear, transparent, and plain language supported by regularly verifiable data to establish trust and communicate effectively with the public.

The aim of this study is to find out psychological well-being and perceived stress states of university students during the coronavirus process and to research the effects of psychological well-being on perceived stress. “Psychological well-being” and “perceived stress” scales filled in by 659 university students were evaluated. Independent t test, one way ANOVA and LSD tests were used in statistical analysis. Psychological well-being states of the participants were found to be statistically different in terms of gender (p0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between well-being scores in terms of perceived immunity (p<0.05). Psychological well-being scores were found to increase as the state of believing in the strength of immunity increased. The lowest well-being scores were found in the participants who perceived their immunity weak. Perceived stress scores were also found to differ significantly in terms of perceived immunity (p<0.05). Perceived stress scores of the participants who perceived their immunity strong were found to be significantly lower than those of the participants who perceived their immunity weak. In addition, well-being and perceived stress scores of students were found to differ significantly in terms of sleep pattern during the pandemic (p<0.05). The students who stated that there were no changes in sleep pattern were found to have the highest psychological well-being scores. Psychological well-being scores of students who slept between 7 and 9 hours were found to be significantly higher and their perceived stress scores were found to be significantly lower than the students who slept 6 hours or less and those who slept 10 hours or more (p<0.05). It can be said that good sleep patterns and sleeping between 7 and 9 hours increased students’ psychological well-being and decreased their perceived stress. It was found that while psychological well-being of university students differed in terms of gender, perceived immunity and sleep pattern, their perceived stress did not differ in terms of gender. It was found that students’ perceived stress differed in terms of perceived immunity and sleep duration of students. It was found that psychological well-being explained 0.9% (R2= 0,009) of the variation on perceived stress. It is recommended to reduce the perceived stress of university students by increasing their psychological well-being. It is also recommended to increase students’ level of believing in their immunity and to ensure that they sleep regularly and sufficiently.

In this study, the performances of the European players in the Euroleague teams at the Eurobasket tournament held at the end of the relevant Euroleague season were investigated. The offensive or defensive performances of the players as a result of increases or decreases in their duration time were investigated and interpreted with statistical tests.While the changes in the players’ times were not found to have an influence on the points they scored and the number of assists (p>0.05), they were found to have an influence on the number of rebounds they got (p<0.05). While statistical difference was found between players in whose rebound averages changes were found (p0.05). The increases in the number of points, rebounds and assists of players whose times increased were found to be statistically significant (p0.05), however, the increases in numerical values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that the players who took less time in their club teams did not perform successfully in the National teams, whereas the players who took enough time in the club teams were successful even if they took less time in the National teams. This problem is thought to be overcome by limiting the number of foreign players in the Basketball Super League in order to pave the way for promising players.

The aim of the present study is to find out life satisfaction and death anxiety of students and to find out the effects of life satisfaction on death anxiety during the Covid-19 pandemic. “Satisfaction with life” and “Death anxiety” scales filled in by 649 university students were evaluated. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD tests were used in statistical procedures. The difference between life satisfaction scores were found to be significant in terms of gender (p

Handball requires athletes to sustain intermittent high-intensity effort while maintaining rapid cognitive processing and technical skills. Caffeine is widely used as an ergogenic aid, yet its dose-dependent effects across physical, cognitive, and technical performance outcomes remain unclear in female handball players. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study examined the acute effects of low-dose caffeine (LCAF; 3 mg/kg), moderate-dose caffeine (MCAF; 6 mg/kg), and placebo (PLA) in trained female handball players. Participants (n = 20) completed three experimental sessions separated by 72 h. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Simplified Eriksen Flanker Test, throwing performance was evaluated through maximal ball velocity, and intermittent running capacity was measured with the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1. Both LCAF and MCAF significantly improved Yo-Yo performance compared with PLA (η²p = 0.415, representing improvements of approximately ~23.5% and 29.0%), with no difference between caffeine doses. MCAF significantly reduced overall Flanker response time (η²p = 0.486, ~18.5%) and congruent and incongruent trial response time compared with PLA and LCAF. No significant effects were observed for throwing velocity, Flanker accuracy and interference scores. These findings suggest that acute caffeine intake has performance-specific effects in female handball players: intermittent running performance responded to both doses, whereas cognitive enhancement was limited to response time, with no improvements in inhibitory control or accuracy.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor yöneticiliği bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Spor Hukuku dersine yönelik görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma nitel araştırma desenin bir çeşidi olan durum çalışması modelindedir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümünde öğrenim gören 6 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin Spor Hukuku ders sürecine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış (8 soru) görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Nvivo programına aktarılmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Çözümlenen veriler sonucunda ortaya çıkan kodlar uygun temalara atanmış ve raporlaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin; Spor Hukuku konusuna ilişkin yasal düzenlemeleri çoğunlukla takip etmedikleri, Spor Hukuku dersini yeterince önemsedikleri, üniversitede aldıkları Spor Hukuku derslerinin yeterli düzeyde verimli geçmediği, öğretim elemanlarının yeterli bilgiye sahip oldukları; ancak kendilerine aktarmada etkili olamadıkları şeklinde görüşlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla öğrencilerin ders dışında Spor Hukuku’na ilişkin güncel gelişmeleri takip etmesi, öğretim elemanlarının ders işleme sürecinde öğrenci görüşlerini dikkate alması, gerekli görüldüğü takdirde ders saatlerinin arttırılması önerilmektedir.