The negative effects of anxiety on people, such as lack of self-confidence, deterioration of sleep order and social relations skills, feeling of failure, have been stated in many scientific studies. Youth unemployment is very high in the World and Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of the last year university students in sports science education. The research was carried out using quantitative research method. A total of 226 students from the School of Physical Education and Sports (fourth grade) of Kastamonu University participated in the study. In the research, Unemployment Anxiety Scale consisting of 5 sub-dimensions and 21 items was used as a measurement tool. In addition, it was observed that there was no statistical difference between men and women, but according to the variable of education department, it was determined that students of the sports management department have higher levels of unemployment anxiety. Keywords: Anxiety, college, student, unemployment, job, future-anxiety.

The aim of this study is to examine the career stress levels of university students in different faculties according to age, gender, faculty, class and financial status variables. The research was conducted using a quantitative research design. The sample of this study consisted of 1,189 university students from Kastamonu University Education Faculty, School of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. Career Stress Scale consisting of 20 items and three sub-dimensions was used. Data were normally distributed and parametric analysis was used. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the average score of the participants was 2.43 from the total score of the career stress scale. In this context, it was found that the career stress levels of the participants were moderate at the lower limit. According to the average scores of the participants, the lowest subscale was found to be an external conflict with 2.13 average and the highest subscale was found to be job anxiety with an average score of 2.82. A significant difference was found almost between all different groups in different ways (p > 0.05). As a result, it was found that the career stress levels of the university students participating in the research were moderate, as well as differences according to variables such as gender, class, age, faculty and income status. Among these differences, the most striking ones appear to be the variables of age and income. In this context, it was determined that university students who have lower age and lower-income status level have higher career stress level than age and income status variables. Keywords: Career, collage, stress, sport, students, university.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, first introduced by Dr. Yoshiaki Sato as KAATSU, has attracted increasing interest in sports science. Although the BFR training method has several additional benefits, the way occlusion pressure is identified contributes to BFR usability and safety. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for estimating individualized LOP with manual technique by examining the influence of blood pressure, fat percentage, limb circumference, and BMI as independent variables. A total of 158 healthy male adults participated in the study. Subjects with cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal disorders, as well as those using supplements, medications, or nicotine, were excluded from the study. The cross-sectional study examined the correlation between the variables and derived a regression equation for predicting the corresponding LOP and anthropometric values. Three measurements were taken and the arithmetic mean was calculated from these measurements. It is evident that body mass index (BMI) emerged as a significant contributing factor in predicting limb occlusion pressure (LOP), outpacing traditional anthropometric variables such as limb circumference or body fat percentage. The regression model accounted for 18% of the variance in LOP (R² = 0.18), with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 20.5 mmHg, suggesting moderate predictive capacity. Future work should investigate vascular factors and technological development in BFR devices for optimal pressure calibration to improve the efficacy of individualized BFR training.

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of life satisfaction of individuals participating in sports or physical activity within the scope of gender, age, income status, parental education level and active sports. The sample of the study consisted of 442 people from Kastamonu Province. Parametric analysis methods were used to analyse the data. Independent t-test was used to determine the difference between two groups and one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the difference between two groups. According to the findings, there was no statistically significant difference between age and income status. In other words, life satisfaction levels of the participants were found to be high. The highest mean subscale was found to be the relationship satisfaction dimension with a mean of X̄ = 4.90 and the lower mean was the overall life satisfaction sub-dimension with a mean of X̄ = 3.50. In parallel with this situation, it was determined that life satisfaction levels of the participants varied according to different variables. Keywords: Life satisfaction, physical activity, sport, students, university.

Handball requires athletes to sustain intermittent high-intensity effort while maintaining rapid cognitive processing and technical skills. Caffeine is widely used as an ergogenic aid, yet its dose-dependent effects across physical, cognitive, and technical performance outcomes remain unclear in female handball players. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study examined the acute effects of low-dose caffeine (LCAF; 3 mg/kg), moderate-dose caffeine (MCAF; 6 mg/kg), and placebo (PLA) in trained female handball players. Participants (n = 20) completed three experimental sessions separated by 72 h. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Simplified Eriksen Flanker Test, throwing performance was evaluated through maximal ball velocity, and intermittent running capacity was measured with the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1. Both LCAF and MCAF significantly improved Yo-Yo performance compared with PLA (η²p = 0.415, representing improvements of approximately ~23.5% and 29.0%), with no difference between caffeine doses. MCAF significantly reduced overall Flanker response time (η²p = 0.486, ~18.5%) and congruent and incongruent trial response time compared with PLA and LCAF. No significant effects were observed for throwing velocity, Flanker accuracy and interference scores. These findings suggest that acute caffeine intake has performance-specific effects in female handball players: intermittent running performance responded to both doses, whereas cognitive enhancement was limited to response time, with no improvements in inhibitory control or accuracy.

Although caffeine is widely used in athletes due to its ergogenic effects, the effects of its main metabolite, paraxanthine, on performance and sleep have not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of caffeine and its main metabolite paraxanthine on rowing performance and sleep quality. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, crossover study and included 14 male university-level rowers (21.6 ± 1.9 age; 2.2 ± 1 years of rowing experience). The participants participated in 2000-m rowing ergometer time trials under four different supplementation conditions (caffeine + paraxanthine, caffeine + placebo, paraxanthine + placebo, and placebo with 200 mg each). Performance data (completion time, mean power, and heart rate), sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were assessed by subjective scales. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Compared with the placebo, the combined caffeine + paraxanthine condition was associated with faster 2000-m performance and higher mean power output (p = 0.044; Cohen's d = 0.30). Caffeine alone and paraxanthine alone did not show clear evidence of performance improvement in this sample, although estimates favored both conditions versus placebo. Conditions containing caffeine were associated with poorer subjective sleep quality, whereas paraxanthine alone showed more favorable sleep-related outcomes. These results indicate that the combined ingestion of caffeine and paraxanthine elicited the most pronounced performance benefits, while paraxanthine alone did not demonstrate clear standalone ergogenic efficacy at the administered dose. However, paraxanthine was associated with better subjective sleep outcomes compared to caffeine, suggesting that its potential value may be related more to tolerability rather than superior performance enhancement, particularly for athletes training in the evening. Study limitations, including the small sample size and lack of objective sleep measures, should be considered when interpreting the results. Paraxanthine may represent a practical option for athletes who prioritize sleep quality or experience sensitivity to caffeine-related sleep disturbances, although further dose‒response studies are required to clarify its ergogenic potential.