Agriculture contributes the most to the economy and provides agro-ecological benefits in the environmentally unsustainable Aral Sea region, but its productivity is steadily dropping. To improve the resilience of farming communities in the region, crop diversification is proposed to enable farmers to grow high-value competitive crops and obtain more stable farm incomes. This study provides long-term, multidisciplinary analyses and strategies for strengthening crop diversification amongst farmers in the Aral Sea region. The study analyzed data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the statistical yearbook of 2000–2020. According to the gross margin study findings, farmers who use diversified cropping systems made considerably higher revenues than farmers relying on mono-cropping practices. This study demonstrates that greater crop diversity contributes to the rational use of natural resources and optimization plans, environmental sustainability, and food security as important natural and socio-economic issues in this region. The study findings suggest that proper crop diversification strategies need to be developed in the Aral Sea region to improve the sustainability of farming systems with enhanced resilience to devastating environmental and climate challenges.

An important condition for the dynamic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the accelerated introduction of modern innovative technologies in the economy, social and other spheres with the widespread use of the achievements of science and technology. In order to assess the degree of use of information and consulting services and the application of innovations in farms of the republic, within the framework of the project, a survey of heads of farms was conducted and, on the basis of the survey, a model of the optimal form of information and consulting services for agriculture was developed.

Climate change increasingly threatens agricultural productivity in climate-sensitive regions, yet evidence on how temperature and precipitation shape wheat yields over both short- and long-term horizons remains limited in Central Asia. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between temperature, precipitation, and wheat yield in Uzbekistan using annual time-series data for 1992–2023. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds-testing approach was applied, with stationarity confirmed via ADF and Phillips–Perron tests and model stability verified through CUSUM and standard diagnostic tests. The results show a statistically significant positive long-run association between temperature and wheat yield, with a 1% increase in temperature linked to a 2.62% yield increase, alongside a negative, one-year-lagged effect of precipitation, indicating that excessive rainfall in the prior season penalizes subsequent yields. The estimated Error Correction Term (−0.234) indicates a comparatively slow adjustment to climatic shocks, equivalent to roughly 4.3 years under this specification. These findings show that temperature and lagged precipitation are statistically associated with wheat yield dynamics in Uzbekistan, though the temperature effect should be interpreted alongside concurrent irrigation expansion and agricultural modernization rather than as an isolated climatic benefit. The results offer an empirical basis for climate-adaptive agricultural planning in Uzbekistan, including drainage management and adjusted sowing calendars.