Eryngiumfoetidum L. is popularly known as chicória-do-Pará, is native to the Amazon region, and is widely distributed in Northern Brazil. It is considered a versatile species due to its diversified uses in ethnomedicine, gastronomy, and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of E. foetidum based on information published in national and international scientific articles between the years 2011 and 2021. Literature searches were performed with the combination of the expressions Eryngium foetidum L., chicória-do-Pará, traditional uses, ethnobotany, volatile compounds, and essential oil. The species is widely used as a flavoring condiment in beans, meat, duck, and fish, and in the preparation of tucupi (cassava sap), showing to have great importance for the Amazonian food culture. In traditional medicine, it has analgesic, antibacterial, antiflu, and antipyretic applications. The chemical profile is characterized by the presence of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, mainly (2E)-2-dodecenal in leaves and 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde in roots, in addition to fixed compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenols. These compounds have shown diverse biological activities and potential antibacterial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant applications, confirming their potential for use in folk medicine. Therefore, it is inferred that this aromatic plant has vast potential uses and is an important alternative as a natural resource for the food and pharmaceutical industries in view of its antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds.

The present work proposed an evaluation of the physiological performance, yield and chemical profile of the essential oil obtained from leaves and roots of Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) cultivated using different fertilizer sources. The other gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter was not different, suggested that the photosystem II was not affected by the different fertilizer sources. Highest essential oil yield was obtained in leaf samples cultivated with the mineral fertilizer (0.18%) and control conditions (0.22%), while it was obtained by mineral fertilization in the case of root samples (0.22%). The principal component analysis - PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis – HCA showed two groups: the first was formed by roots (OrgR, MinR and ConR), characterized by the constituents 2,3,4-Trimethylbenzaldehyde, Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1β-ol, Isoshyobunone, para-Mint-1,5-dien-8-ol, 6-Canphenone, (E)-γ-Atlantone and (E)-β-Farnesene; and the second group formed by leaves (OrgF, MinF, ConF), related to (2E)-2-Dodecenal, t-2-Tetradecenal, 1-Dodecanal, 1-Decanal, Tetradecanal, γ-Terpinene, Mesitylene and ρ-Cymene.

As investigações sobre a morfologia de plântulas, antes do surgimento dos metafilos, têm demonstrado rico potencial para estudos sistemáticos, inclusive testando a monofilia de gêneros de Leguminosae. Além disso, proporcionam a descoberta de estruturas transitórias, basais ou derivadas, que podem estabelecer conexões nem sempre ocorrentes no indivíduo adulto. A natureza dos cotilédones, de reserva ou folíaceos, é uma das principais características das leguminosae. O tipo de germinação constitui um dos caracteres mais relevantes para diferenciar suas espécies, assim como a forma do limbo, da margem, do ápice, posição dos eofilos, presença ou ausência de látex ou resina, relação comprimento/largura dos cotilédones, tamanho e número de pinas, pecíolo alado ou não, que permitem caracterizar famílias, gêneros e até mesmo espécies. Em Leguminosae, a morfologia de plântulas corrobora a identificação das plantas no campo e ainda fornece subsídios para delimitações genéricas e infragenéricas na família. De uma maneira geral as plântulas de Caesalpinioideae e Mimosoideae são epígeas, com cotilédones foliáceos; em Papilionoideae predominam plântulas hipógeas com cotilédones de reserva e extremamente variadas em termos morfológicos, principalmente nas tribos com espécies lenhosas.