Field studies were carried out during the growing season 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Banat’s university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine, Timisoara, Romania to study the effect of foliar Fe, B and Fe+B fertilizer at two growth stages on growth, yield and nutrient concentration in flag leaves and grains of wheat. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Two years average results show that treatment receiving 333g Fe ha^-1+167g B ha^-1 at both growth stages ZGS21+ZGS41 produced the highest plant height (86.0 cm), flag leaf area (28.66 cm²), chlorophyll content (58.0 SPAD value) and grain yield (518 gm m^-2). All micronutrients (Fe, B and Fe+B) sprayed at both stages (ZGS21+ZGS41) significantly improved micronutrients concentration in wheat flag leaf and grains over control treatment.

The dynamic analysis of the vegetal carpet and of the vegetal cultures, presenting high interest for the management of natural balances and of agricultural systems efficiency. The fractal analysis has been used for the assessment of the morphological and temporal variability within the Triticum aestivum L. ssp. Vulgare species, in four cultivars of non-awned wheat (Avenue, Pitbull, GK Koros and Illico) and 6 awned cultivars (GK Rozi, PG 101, GK Bekes, GK 102, Antonius si Stefanus). The study has been performed in three different vegetation stages: Growth stage 3 - Stem elongation, code 33 BBCH; Growth stage 6 - Flowering, anthesis, code 69 BBCH,and Growth stage 9 - Senescence, code 99 BBCH. The fractal dimensions have been between 1.879 +/- 0.067 and 1.963 +/- 0.046. From the perspective of the variability induced by cultivars, two distinct clusters have resulted, G(NA) cluster including the non-awned cultivars (C1-C4) and a second cluster, G(A) including the awned cultivars (C5-C10) and subclusters depending on the similarity of cultivars. From the point of view of the temporal variability the obvious difference of Growth stage 9 (99 BBCH code), with the variation coefficient within the fractal dimenssion CV9 = 1.448 +/- 0.005 (p < 0.01). The fractal dimension obtained using the digital images can be useful for the dissociation of awned /non-awneed cultivars, but only the higher stages of wheat development. It is also useful for the delimitation of wheat development stages.

Efficient nutrient management through fertigation is essential for sustaining table grape production under water-limited Mediterranean environments. This study evaluated the effects of graded potassium (K) fertigation rates on yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive seasons at three locations using four potassium application rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg K₂O ha⁻¹) applied through drip fertigation and synchronized with key vine phenological stages. Yield and fruit-quality parameters were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models accounting for treatment, year, location, and their interactions. Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield, cluster weight, and berry physical attributes, including firmness, volume, weight, and diameter, whereas total soluble solids (TSS) and juice pH were largely unaffected. Relative to the control, potassium fertigation progressively increased total yield per vine by approximately 21%, 47%, and 72% under the 100, 200, and 300 kg K₂O ha⁻¹ treatments, respectively, although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons. Significant treatment × location interactions indicated that site-specific soil conditions influenced potassium response. These results demonstrate that synchronizing potassium supply with vine phenological demand through fertigation enhances productivity and berry physical quality without compromising fruit chemical composition. The observed improvements are consistent with the established physiological roles of potassium in osmotic regulation, assimilate transport, and berry development, supporting optimized potassium fertigation as a key component of precision nutrient management for sustainable viticulture in semi-arid Mediterranean regions.