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Dr. Bruno Travassos
Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CIDESD – Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal

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0 Talent Development
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0 Futsal
0 Performance analysis in team sports
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Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aims to analyse the effects of floater positioning within futsal Gk + 3vs3 + Gk and Gk + 2vs2 + Gk small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG) on youth offensive performance on an action per minute per player basis. Three experimental conditions were carried out through the manipulation of floater positioning: floaters off (FO), final line floaters (FLF) and lateral floaters (LF). Thirty male futsal players (U19 age category) participated in the study and played once within each situation in a random order on different days. Offensive performance based on “action per minute per player” was analysed through indirect and external systematic observation. Results showed significant differences between both SSCGs (2vs2 and 3vs3). Specifically, according to the game principles analysed, 3vs3 is associated with higher values of passing and dribbling action to progress towards the goal without beating a defensive line (moderate to large effect size), while 2vs2 is associated with higher values of passing and dribbling actions that beating a defensive line (moderate to very large effect size). In addition, 2vs2 is associated with dribbling and shooting actions to shoot at goal with the lowest level of opposition (moderate effect size). Indeed, whilst the 2vs2 game format seems to promote more 1vs1 situations, the 3vs3 game format encourages more ball possession and collective tactical behaviours. Thus, training tasks intended to improve dribbling and shooting actions should use a smaller number of players whereas tasks intended to improve passing actions for ball possession should include a higher number of players with or without floaters. It seems that the number of players can influence the tactical behaviour of the team. These findings should be considered for the design of futsal training tasks, according to the main objective of the training session. For example, if the coach aims to promote the number of dribbles and shots within a SSCG, 2vs2 SSCG situations should be prioritised.

ACS Style

David Pizarro; Alba Práxedes; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Alberto Moreno. How the Number of Players and Floaters’ Positioning Changes the Offensive Performance during Futsal Small-Sided and Conditioned Games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7557 .

AMA Style

David Pizarro, Alba Práxedes, Bruno Travassos, Bruno Gonçalves, Alberto Moreno. How the Number of Players and Floaters’ Positioning Changes the Offensive Performance during Futsal Small-Sided and Conditioned Games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Pizarro; Alba Práxedes; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Alberto Moreno. 2021. "How the Number of Players and Floaters’ Positioning Changes the Offensive Performance during Futsal Small-Sided and Conditioned Games." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7557.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2021 in International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
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The aim of the present study was to examine how team composition of players with different roles constrains individual and collective tactical behaviours, and ball possession effectiveness, during competitive 3 vs 3 small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) in youth soccer players. Fifteen male players (under 15 yrs, mean age 13.2 ± 1.03 years, mean years of practice: 4.2 ± 1.10 years) from the same club participated in this study. For analysis purposes, on advice from the coaching staff, participants were categorised according to their main team performance role, resulting in sub-samples of 5 defenders (centre-backs = 2 and full- backs = 3), 7 midfielders (central midfielders = 3 and wide midfielders = 4) and 3 attackers (forwards). In order to assess participant tactical behaviours, a notational analysis system was created with four categories: i) team behaviours, ii) individual players’ offensive actions, iii) individual players’ defensive actions, and iv), ball possession effectiveness. Analysis of players’ offensive actions revealed that the team composed only of midfielders revealed a higher frequency of diagonal and vertical passes in relation to the attackers’ team. In offensive individual actions, the attackers’ team revealed more dribbles in relation to the teams of defenders and midfielders. Analysis of ball possession effectiveness revealed that the team of defenders achieved higher values of shots on goal compared to the team of midfielders. These findings exemplified how playing role constrains the emergence of different collective behaviours and individual actions in 3 vs 3 SSCGs.

ACS Style

Timo Laakso; Keith Davids; Pekka Luhtanen; Jarmo Liukkonen; Bruno Travassos. How football team composition constrains emergent individual and collective tactical behaviours: Effects of player roles in creating different landscapes for shared affordances in small-sided and conditioned games. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Timo Laakso, Keith Davids, Pekka Luhtanen, Jarmo Liukkonen, Bruno Travassos. How football team composition constrains emergent individual and collective tactical behaviours: Effects of player roles in creating different landscapes for shared affordances in small-sided and conditioned games. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Timo Laakso; Keith Davids; Pekka Luhtanen; Jarmo Liukkonen; Bruno Travassos. 2021. "How football team composition constrains emergent individual and collective tactical behaviours: Effects of player roles in creating different landscapes for shared affordances in small-sided and conditioned games." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Sensors
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This case study explored how spatiotemporal data can develop key metrics to evaluate and understand elite soccer referees’ performance during one elite soccer match. The dynamic position of players from both teams, the ball and three elite referees allowed to capture the following performance metrics: (i) assistant referees: alignment with the second last defender; (ii) referee: referee diagonal movement—a position density was computed and a principal component analysis was carried to identify the directions of greatest variability; and (iii) referee: assessing the distance from the referee to the ball. All computations were processed when the ball was in-play and separated by 1st and 2nd halves. The first metric showed an alignment lower than 1 m between the assistant referee and the second last defender. The second metric showed that in the 1st half, the referee position ellipsis area was 548 m2, which increased during the 2nd half (671 m2). The third metric showed an increase in the distance from the referee to the ball and >80% of the distance between 5–30 m during the 2nd half. The findings may be used as a starting point to elaborate normative behavior models from the referee’s movement performance in soccer.

ACS Style

Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Bruno Travassos; João Brito; Pedro Figueiredo. Match Analysis of Soccer Refereeing Using Spatiotemporal Data: A Case Study. Sensors 2021, 21, 2541 .

AMA Style

Bruno Gonçalves, Diogo Coutinho, Bruno Travassos, João Brito, Pedro Figueiredo. Match Analysis of Soccer Refereeing Using Spatiotemporal Data: A Case Study. Sensors. 2021; 21 (7):2541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Bruno Travassos; João Brito; Pedro Figueiredo. 2021. "Match Analysis of Soccer Refereeing Using Spatiotemporal Data: A Case Study." Sensors 21, no. 7: 2541.

Review
Published: 01 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Competitive sports involve physical and cognitive skills. In traditional sports, there is a greater dependence on the development and performance of both motor and cognitive skills, unlike electronic sports (eSports), which depend much more on neurocognitive skills for success. However, little is known about neurocognitive functions and effective strategies designed to develop and optimize neurocognitive performance in eSports athletes. One such strategy is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), characterized as a weak electric current applied on the scalp to induce prolonged changes in cortical excitability. Therefore, our objective is to propose anodal (a)-tDCS as a performance-enhancing tool for neurocognitive functions in eSports. In this manuscript, we discussed the neurocognitive processes that underlie exceptionally skilled performances in eSports and how tDCS could be used for acute modulation of these processes in eSports. Based on the results from tDCS studies in healthy people, professional athletes, and video game players, it seems that tDCS is applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a potential performance-enhancing tool for neurocognition in eSports.

ACS Style

Sergio Machado; Bruno Travassos; Diogo Teixeira; Filipe Rodrigues; Luis Cid; Diogo Monteiro. Could tDCS Be a Potential Performance-Enhancing Tool for Acute Neurocognitive Modulation in eSports? A Perspective Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3678 .

AMA Style

Sergio Machado, Bruno Travassos, Diogo Teixeira, Filipe Rodrigues, Luis Cid, Diogo Monteiro. Could tDCS Be a Potential Performance-Enhancing Tool for Acute Neurocognitive Modulation in eSports? A Perspective Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Machado; Bruno Travassos; Diogo Teixeira; Filipe Rodrigues; Luis Cid; Diogo Monteiro. 2021. "Could tDCS Be a Potential Performance-Enhancing Tool for Acute Neurocognitive Modulation in eSports? A Perspective Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3678.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2021 in International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport
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This study aimed to examine the effects of age group (under-11, under-15, and under-23) on the external, internal workloads, and tactical individual actions when playing 4v2, 4v4, and 4v6 ball possession small-sided soccer games. Data were analysed separately under the opponent perspective (4vX) and by the cooperation perspective, according to teammates (4v2+X). For all opponent formats, statistical differences were found for walking, with older age groups covering longer distances. Higher running distances were found in 4v4 game format for U11s, while U23s reported higher RPE scores in 4v4 and 4v6 formats. More passes were performed in 4v2 and 4v4 game formats for U11s and a higher maximum passing speed in 4v6 format for U15s and U23s. In the cooperation perspective, statistical differences were found for all external workload variables: U11s covered more distances while sprinting, whereas U23s walked more, perceiving the task as more intense. Similarly, U11s performed a higher amount of tactical individual actions also in every format. Younger players seem to benefit from a lower level of opposition to mature tactical individual actions, while older players can develop fast ball circulation in numerical inferiority.

ACS Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; André Roca; Bruno Travassos. Effects of numerical unbalance constraints on workload and tactical individual actions during ball possession small-sided soccer games across different age groups. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 2021, 21, 396 -408.

AMA Style

Nuno André Nunes, Bruno Gonçalves, André Roca, Bruno Travassos. Effects of numerical unbalance constraints on workload and tactical individual actions during ball possession small-sided soccer games across different age groups. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2021; 21 (3):396-408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; André Roca; Bruno Travassos. 2021. "Effects of numerical unbalance constraints on workload and tactical individual actions during ball possession small-sided soccer games across different age groups." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 21, no. 3: 396-408.

Research article
Published: 04 February 2021 in The Journal of Psychology
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Although the relationship between both need frustration and, particularly, need satisfaction and different motivational regulations for exercise has been widely examined in the literature, little is known about the co-occurrence of both need satisfaction and need frustration in the exercise context. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study aimed to examine the effects of both need satisfaction and frustration on motivational regulations for exercise, by applying a response surface analysis approach. In total, 477 regular exercisers aged 18–54 years participated in this study. The interaction between needs (high on both need satisfaction and frustration) displayed a positive and significant association with amotivation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation. Considering the direction of the discrepancy (high vs. low levels of need satisfaction and frustration) related to the behavioral regulations, results showed that higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with more self-determined regulations of motivation. Contrarily, higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with lower scores on amotivation, external, introjected, and identified regulation. Overall, these findings extend previous literature, suggesting that need satisfaction and frustration are distinct factors that can be experienced simultaneously in individuals during exercise and that different degrees of both needs have different associations with behavioral regulations.

ACS Style

Filipe Rodrigues; Rita Macedo; Diogo Santos Teixeira; Luis Cid; Bruno Travassos; Henrique Neiva; Diogo Monteiro. The Co-Occurrence of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Its Relationship with Exercisers’ Motivation. The Journal of Psychology 2021, 155, 165 -185.

AMA Style

Filipe Rodrigues, Rita Macedo, Diogo Santos Teixeira, Luis Cid, Bruno Travassos, Henrique Neiva, Diogo Monteiro. The Co-Occurrence of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Its Relationship with Exercisers’ Motivation. The Journal of Psychology. 2021; 155 (2):165-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Rodrigues; Rita Macedo; Diogo Santos Teixeira; Luis Cid; Bruno Travassos; Henrique Neiva; Diogo Monteiro. 2021. "The Co-Occurrence of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Its Relationship with Exercisers’ Motivation." The Journal of Psychology 155, no. 2: 165-185.

Research article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy
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In the last few decades, Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP) has emerged with the goal to promote a holistic approach through the use of Small-Sided Games (SSG), to optimize specific tactical defensive and offensive behaviours of players. These SSG are designed through the manipulation of relevant task constraints. Specifically, the balance on the number of outfield players is a constraint that has been recently studied because it can change players’ behaviour. However, most of the studies in this domain have only analysed the acute effects of the manipulation of different SSG without any idea about the implications for learning or to improve the transfer between practice tasks to the context of performance. The main purpose of this study was to understand the effect of the use of a task of numerical superiority in attack (5 vs 4; NS) before a task of equal number of player in comparison with the use of only two numerical equality (5 vs 5; NE) tasks. A second objective was to examine this effect according to the game principles: keep the ball possession and progress to the goal. : Twenty footballers (U14 yrs), grouped in teams of five players, participated in this study. Each team performed two different sequences of SSG (NS + NE and NE + NE) and in two different conditions regarding the game principle. 2176 actions were analysed. Decision-making was measured through the GPET instrument. Also, it was assessed the duration of ball possession and the number of ball touches through a hand notation analysis system. : Results show a tendency to decrease the offensive performance in the sequence (NS + NE). However, if we compare both initial situations, significant higher values were observed in the situation with NS. In addition, regarding the two final situations, there are hardly any differences between them. : This study highlighted some key pedagogical principles of the constraints-led approach for designing training environment in team games. Coaches in formative stages should promote unequal game situations with superiority number of players in attack, to facilitate the decision-making and develop the technical skills thanks to a greater participation and a greater duration of ball possession. As learning progresses, coaches should design equal situations to facilitate an adaptation to the real game and promote long-term adaptations on players’ performance. Finally, the game principle is another constraint to take into account since it promotes variability and boosts the discovery and exploration of players’ movement solutions.

ACS Style

Alba Práxedes; David Pizarro; Bruno Travassos; Miguel Domínguez; Alberto Moreno. Level of opposition constrains offensive performance in consecutive game situations. An analysis according to game principles. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Alba Práxedes, David Pizarro, Bruno Travassos, Miguel Domínguez, Alberto Moreno. Level of opposition constrains offensive performance in consecutive game situations. An analysis according to game principles. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba Práxedes; David Pizarro; Bruno Travassos; Miguel Domínguez; Alberto Moreno. 2021. "Level of opposition constrains offensive performance in consecutive game situations. An analysis according to game principles." Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy , no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 03 January 2021 in International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport
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The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of floater positioning within futsal Gk+3vs3+Gk SSGs on youth players’ tactical and physical performance. An independent measure approach under four experimental conditions was carried out: Floaters Off (FO), Goal Line Floaters (GLF), Lateral Floaters own court sidelines (LFocsl) and Lateral Floaters full court sidelines (LFfcsl). Thirty male futsal players (U19 age category) participated in the study. Players’ activity was assessed using WIMU PROTM and heart rate (HR) was recorded by HR monitors during the SSGs. Results showed significant differences in the physical variables (ρ ≤ 0.05), not finding such differences in the tactical variables analysed. However, significant differences were observed in relation to the spatial occupation areas. GLF is related to higher distance and speed variables, being the most demanding SSG; in LFocsl, lower HR values were obtained, and FO is linked to the acceleration and deceleration variables, being an indicator of futsal performance. These findings should be considered for the design of futsal training tasks, according to the context (team, players …) and time of the week and the season, since they allow the development of the variables described by optimising training time with the ball.

ACS Style

David Pizarro; Alba Práxedes; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Alberto Moreno Domínguez. Floaters as coach’s joker? Effects of the floaters positioning in 3vs3 small-sided games in futsal. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 2021, 21, 197 -214.

AMA Style

David Pizarro, Alba Práxedes, Bruno Travassos, Bruno Gonçalves, Alberto Moreno Domínguez. Floaters as coach’s joker? Effects of the floaters positioning in 3vs3 small-sided games in futsal. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2021; 21 (2):197-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Pizarro; Alba Práxedes; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Alberto Moreno Domínguez. 2021. "Floaters as coach’s joker? Effects of the floaters positioning in 3vs3 small-sided games in futsal." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 21, no. 2: 197-214.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
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Los responsables del arbitraje a nivel mundial han alentado el desarrollo de programas de formación formal, adecuados a las necesidades de la actividad de los árbitros de fútbol. De ahí que, este estudio tuvo como objetivo: i) analizar las percepciones de los árbitros expertos sobre la introducción de programas de formación formal a lo largo de su carrera (Academia de Arbitraje - AA - para árbitros de fútbol) en Portugal; ii) comprobar el impacto de AA en las calificaciones de los árbitros entre los árbitros que participaron en este modelo de capacitación y los que no lo hicieron. Para ello, se realizaron 2 estudios complementarios. En el estudio 1, se entrevistó a cinco expertos portugueses en arbitraje de fútbol, partiendo de una entrevista semiestructurada, con el análisis de contenido. En el estudio 2, se recogieron las calificaciones de los árbitros de la plantilla nacional 2009-18 (N = 243), que se agruparon de acuerdo con su formación: Grupo 1 (n = 82) promovidos directamente; Grupo 2 (n = 86) promovidos de categoría tras su formación en AA; Grupo 3 (n = 75) los que no fueron promovidos. Los resultados del estudio 1 revelaron: i) un cambio significativo en la estructuración de la formación de los árbitros portugueses tras la temporada 2013-14; ii) la existencia de lagunas en el proceso formativo y de clasificación; iii) la existencia de una cultura de individualismo y exigencia en el sector. Los resultados del estudio 2 solo revelaron diferencias significativas entre G3 y G2. Se concluye que se observaron mejoras en el proceso de formación, aunque no hubo mejoras significativas en el desempeño a nivel de la clasificación. La variable experiencia se identificó como un factor que influyó positivamente en la clasificación. Those responsible for global football refereeing have encouraged the development of formal training programs that meet the requirements of referee activity. Thus, this study aimed to: i) analyze the perceptions of expert referees about the introduction of formal training programs throughout the career (Academy of refereeing - AA - for football referees) in Portugal; (ii) verify the impact of the AA on the referees' performance in referees who participated in this training model and those who did not participate. For this purpose, 2 complementary studies were conducted. In study 1, five Portuguese football refereeing experts were interviewed, based on a semi-structured interview, with content analysis. In study 2, the performance of the referees of the national ranking of 2009-18 (N=243) were collected, and were grouped according to their training: Group 1 (n=82) promoted directly; Group 2 (n=86) promoted from categories after training in AA; Group 3 (n=75) elements that have not been promoted. The results of study 1 revealed: i) a significant change in the training curriculum of Portuguese referees since 2013-14; (ii) the existence of gaps in the formative and classification process; iii) the existence of a culture of individualism and competition in the sector. The results of study 2 revealed only significant differences between the G3 and G2 groups. It was concluded that improvements in the training process were realized, although there were no significant improvements in performance. Experience was identified as the variable that positively influenced the referees’ performance. Os responsáveis pela arbitragem em termos mundiais têm estimulado o desenvolvimento de programas de formação formal que respondam às exigências da atividade de árbitro de futebol. Assim, este estudo pretendeu: i) analisar a perceções de árbitros especialistas sobre a introdução de programas de formação formais ao longo da carreira (Academia de Arbitragem – AA - para árbitros de futebol) em Portugal; ii) verificar o impacto da AA nas classificações dos árbitros entre árbitros que participaram neste modelo de formação e os que não integraram. Para tal foram realizados 2 estudos complementares. No estudo 1 foram entrevistados cinco especialistas portugueses de arbitragem de futebol, a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada, com respetiva análise de conteúdo. No estudo 2 recolheram-se as classificações dos árbitros dos quadros nacionais de 2009-18 (N=243), tendo sido agrupadas de acordo com a sua formação: Grupo 1 (n=82) promovidos diretamente; Grupo 2 (n=86) promovidos de categorias após formação na AA; Grupo 3 (n=75) elementos que não foram promovidos. Os resultados do estudo 1 revelaram: i) uma mudança significativa na estruturação da formação dos árbitros portugueses a partir da época de 2013-14; ii) a existência de lacunas no processo formativo e classificativo; iii) a existência de uma cultura de individualismo e exigência no setor. Os resultados do estudo 2 apenas revelaram diferenças significativas entre o G3 e o G2. Conclui-se que foram percecionadas melhorias no processo de formação, embora não se verificaram melhorias significativas no desempenho classificativo. A variável experiência foi identificada como fator que influiu positivamente o desempenho classificativo.

ACS Style

Sérgio Mendes; Bruno Travassos; Ema P. Oliveira. O impacto da formação no desempenho da arbitragem no futebo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 2021, 21, 43 -59.

AMA Style

Sérgio Mendes, Bruno Travassos, Ema P. Oliveira. O impacto da formação no desempenho da arbitragem no futebo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2021; 21 (1):43-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sérgio Mendes; Bruno Travassos; Ema P. Oliveira. 2021. "O impacto da formação no desempenho da arbitragem no futebo." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 21, no. 1: 43-59.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
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Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite e variáveis contextuais e situacionais que caraterizam os jogos arbitrados no decorrer de uma época. Para tal, foi realizada uma regressão ordinal com função Link Logit entre a classificação final e variáveis contextuais e situacionais. As variáveis contextuais revelaram um efeito significativo sobre a classificação final, não se verificando efeitos significativos das variáveis situacionais, sobre a classificação dos árbitros no final da época desportiva. Na globalidade o modelo revelou-se estatisticamente significativo. A probabilidade de obtenção de melhor classificação final dos árbitros aumenta 54.2% com o aumento do número de jogos realizados na I Liga e aumenta 24.8% com aumento do número de jogos equilibrados. Diminui 61.2% com jogos realizados sem equipas Top 3. Os resultados reforçam a influência significativa que os fatores contextuais têm sobre a classificação e avaliação de um árbitro no final da época desportiva. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the classification of elite soccer referees in Portugal and the contextual and situational variables of the matches refereed during the 2016-2017 sports season. In order to analyze the relationship between the final classification and the level of the competition, characterization of the game, result of the game and total number of cards displayed per game, an ordinal regression with Link Logit function was used. The results revealed that the contextual variables have a significant effect on the final classification, with no significant effects of the situational variables. In general, the model statistically explains the final classification of the elite soccer referees at the end of the sports season (X2LP (5) = 40.299, p Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a classificação dos árbitros de futebol de elite em Portugal e as variáveis contextuais e situacionais dos jogos arbitrados no decorrer da época desportiva 2016-2017. No sentido de analisar qual a relação entre a classificação final e o nível da competição, caraterização do jogo, resultado do jogo e número total de cartões exibidos por jogo foi realizada uma regressão ordinal com função Link Logit. Os resultados, revelaram que as variáveis contextuais, apresentam um efeito significativo sobre a classificação final, não se verificando efeitos significativos das variáveis situacionais, sobre a classificação final dos árbitros de futebol no final da época desportiva. Na globalidade o modelo revelou-se estatisticamente significativo (X2LP (5) = 40.299, p

ACS Style

Vitor Carvalho; Pedro Tiago Esteves; Célia Nunes; César Mendez; Bruno Travassos. A influência de variáveis contextuais e situacionais na classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 2021, 21, 216 -224.

AMA Style

Vitor Carvalho, Pedro Tiago Esteves, Célia Nunes, César Mendez, Bruno Travassos. A influência de variáveis contextuais e situacionais na classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2021; 21 (1):216-224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vitor Carvalho; Pedro Tiago Esteves; Célia Nunes; César Mendez; Bruno Travassos. 2021. "A influência de variáveis contextuais e situacionais na classificação de árbitros de futebol de elite." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 21, no. 1: 216-224.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Sensors
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the temporary closure of physical activity and sports facilities, and the generalized cancellation or postponement of sports events have a massive impact on social and economic development. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using tracking data from a football match to assess interpersonal contact between individuals by calculating two measures of respiratory exposure. The dynamic tracking positioning of all players and referees during one international football match was analyzed. For each individual, two measures of respiratory exposure were calculated, based on the 2 m interpersonal distance recommendations for contact tracing for COVID-19 control. Overall, individuals spent a median of 0.12 mm/ss (IQR = 0.45 mm/ss) exposed to interpersonal contact of fewer than 2 m from others. The highest value of exposure was observed between two players of opposing teams (6.35 mm/ss). The results suggest that tracking data can be used to assess respiratory exposure to interpersonal contact in team sports, such as football. The measures of exposure calculated can be used to the prompt identification of high-risk contacts of COVID-19 cases during a match or a training session, but also the risk stratification of different sports and physical activities.

ACS Style

Bruno Gonçalves; Romeu Mendes; Hugo Folgado; Pedro Figueiredo; Bruno Travassos; Henrique Barros; Adalberto Campos-Fernandes; Paulo Beckert; João Brito. Can Tracking Data Help in Assessing Interpersonal Contact Exposure in Team Sports during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Sensors 2020, 20, 6163 .

AMA Style

Bruno Gonçalves, Romeu Mendes, Hugo Folgado, Pedro Figueiredo, Bruno Travassos, Henrique Barros, Adalberto Campos-Fernandes, Paulo Beckert, João Brito. Can Tracking Data Help in Assessing Interpersonal Contact Exposure in Team Sports during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Sensors. 2020; 20 (21):6163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruno Gonçalves; Romeu Mendes; Hugo Folgado; Pedro Figueiredo; Bruno Travassos; Henrique Barros; Adalberto Campos-Fernandes; Paulo Beckert; João Brito. 2020. "Can Tracking Data Help in Assessing Interpersonal Contact Exposure in Team Sports during the COVID-19 Pandemic?" Sensors 20, no. 21: 6163.

Research article
Published: 27 October 2020 in International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
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The aim of this investigation was to analyse the external workload, tactical individual actions of passing, and perceived internal load during unbalanced small-sided games. Ball possession formats (4v3, 4v4 and 4v5) were played in three different playing area dimensions (20 × 15m, 25 × 20m and 30 × 25m) by under-23 football players. Data were analysed under opposition-based perspective, by fixing one team (4vX), and by cooperation-based perspective according to teammates (4v2+X) for each playing area condition. GPS monitors were used to collect and compute external workloads (distance covered while walking, running, sprinting, and maximal speed) and tactical individual actions (passing with dominant and non-dominant foot, and maximum passing speed), and Borg Scale CR10 to evaluate rating of perceived exertion (RPE). On both opposition- and cooperation-based perspectives, significant differences were found on external workload variables for all game formats, with smaller areas associated with more distances covered while walking and larger areas with running and sprinting. Likewise, 4v3, 4v4 and 4v2 + 3 revealed significant differences for tactical individual actions, where a larger area was associated with an increase in repetitions. Medium playing area, for both perspectives, was associated with a higher RPE. Overall, larger playing areas with higher number of players involved promoted more high-intensity running, while the same area with fewer number of players fostered tactical individual actions. Smaller areas allowed to reduce game pace, especially in formats with fewer players. Different unbalance scenarios under dissimilar playing area dimensions promote diverse performance outcomes on player’s action capabilities.

ACS Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Fábio Yuzo Nakamura; Bruno Travassos. How playing area dimension and number of players constrain football performance during unbalanced ball possession games. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2020, 16, 334 -343.

AMA Style

Nuno André Nunes, Bruno Gonçalves, Diogo Coutinho, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Bruno Travassos. How playing area dimension and number of players constrain football performance during unbalanced ball possession games. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2020; 16 (2):334-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Fábio Yuzo Nakamura; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "How playing area dimension and number of players constrain football performance during unbalanced ball possession games." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 2: 334-343.

Review
Published: 08 October 2020 in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
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Purpose: To systematically describe and analyze the tracking systems, the variables, and the statistical methods used to evaluate the players and teams’ tactical behavior in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs). Methods: A search was done in Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo databases to identify manuscripts published between 2008 and 2019 that manipulated small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) and analyzed tactical behaviors of players and teams. Results: From 349 articles identified, 31 were selected for review. To collect positional data, the global positioning system (GPS), the local position measurement (LPM) system, and TACTO were identified as reliable tracking systems. Twenty-one positional variables were identified to evaluate tactical behaviors, grouped into five main categories: team balance, playing space, width and length of playing space, and interpersonal distance. Tactical behavior patterns were analyzed using approximate entropy, sample entropy, Shannon entropy, and patterns of coordination between players and teams were analyzed using relative phase and running correlation. Discussion: The tracking systems analyzed were reliable but revealed different advantages and disadvantages of their use. Authors should define the use of each tracking system based on their purpose and level of precision required for analysis. A great duplication was observed on the variables used with similar purposes of tactical analysis. The identification of the variables according to their purpose of analysis will allow a better understanding of their use in the future.

ACS Style

Nuno Coito; Keith Davids; Hugo Folgado; Teresa Bento; Bruno Travassos. Capturing and Quantifying Tactical Behaviors in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer: A Systematic Review. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 2020, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Nuno Coito, Keith Davids, Hugo Folgado, Teresa Bento, Bruno Travassos. Capturing and Quantifying Tactical Behaviors in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer: A Systematic Review. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2020; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno Coito; Keith Davids; Hugo Folgado; Teresa Bento; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "Capturing and Quantifying Tactical Behaviors in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer: A Systematic Review." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , no. : 1-15.

Research article
Published: 11 September 2020 in International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport
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This study aimed to understand the level of agreement between different methods of observation and assessment of the performance of football referees carried out by Referee Match Observers: (i) live; (ii) live + video and (iii) single video. A total of 34 Referee Match Observers from the 1st category of the Portuguese Football Association (FA) participated in the study. The evaluation followed the official assessment guidelines according to three criteria: (a) general evaluation; (b) game difficulty and general performance; and (c) disciplinary actions and game management. Results revealed different levels of agreement in the judgement and evaluation of the referee’s performance between live, live + video and video only. Results suggest that the combination of live and video analysis allow RMOs to be more perceptually attuned to the events that convey relevant information to better support the assessment of referee’s performance. This work offers evidence for the redesign of official observation procedures and policies of football governing bodies that are in charge in charge of referee’s match evaluations.

ACS Style

V. Carvalho; P.T. Esteves; C. Nunes; D. Araújo; W.F. Helsen; B. Travassos. Observe and make a call: football referee’s assessment is context sensitive. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 2020, 20, 982 -993.

AMA Style

V. Carvalho, P.T. Esteves, C. Nunes, D. Araújo, W.F. Helsen, B. Travassos. Observe and make a call: football referee’s assessment is context sensitive. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2020; 20 (6):982-993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Carvalho; P.T. Esteves; C. Nunes; D. Araújo; W.F. Helsen; B. Travassos. 2020. "Observe and make a call: football referee’s assessment is context sensitive." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 20, no. 6: 982-993.

Original research article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Understanding the physical demands of futsal requires a precise quantification of the players’ activities during match play. This study aimed to (1) describe external load, identifying the differences between the first and second halves in official futsal matches; (2) identify the most important external workload metrics to profile the players; and (3) identify the collinearity between variables in the analysis of physical performance of futsal players. Match external load data were collected from male players (n = 28) in six games of the Final Eight of the Portuguese Futsal Cup 2018. The players increased the distance covered per minute at 12–18 km/h in the second half (p < 0.01). Dynamic stress load also increased in the second half (p = 0.01). The variables that best predicted the physical profile of each player were decelerations (predictor importance, PI = 1), walking (PI = 1), sprinting (PI = 1), jogging (PI = 0.997), total distance covered per minute (PI = 0.992), and metabolic power (PI = 0.989). Decelerations showed the highest association with the clusters levels (p < 0.001; PI = 1); this suggests decelerations as a potential candidate for best analyzing the physical load of futsal players. Overall, the data from this exploratory study suggest that distance covered per minute (m/min), number of sprints (>18 km/h), decelerations (greater than-2 m/s), and metabolic power (W/kg) are the variables that most discriminate the load intensity of elite futsal players.

ACS Style

João Nuno Ribeiro; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; João Brito; Jaime Sampaio; Bruno Travassos. Activity Profile and Physical Performance of Match Play in Elite Futsal Players. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1709 .

AMA Style

João Nuno Ribeiro, Bruno Gonçalves, Diogo Coutinho, João Brito, Jaime Sampaio, Bruno Travassos. Activity Profile and Physical Performance of Match Play in Elite Futsal Players. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Nuno Ribeiro; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; João Brito; Jaime Sampaio; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "Activity Profile and Physical Performance of Match Play in Elite Futsal Players." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1709.

Original research article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Frontiers in Psychology
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This study aimed to explore the effects of playing different unbalanced ball possession small-sided games on external workload (distance covered while walking, running, and sprinting, and max speed), tactical individual actions (number of passes with dominant and non-dominant foot), and internal load (rating of perceived exertion, RPE) in under-23 soccer players. Participants played 4v2, 4v3, 4v4, 4v5, and 4v6 small-sided games (SSGs) on a 30 × 25 m playing area. Data were analyzed under an opponent-based perspective, by fixing one team (4vX), and by cooperation-based perspective according to teammates (4v2+X). Global Position System (GPS) monitors were used to collect and compute external workloads and individual tactical actions, and Borg Scale CR10 was used to evaluate RPE. High-Superiority (4v2), Superiority (4v3), and Very Low-Cooperation (4v2+0) formats allow players in balanced teams to cover more distance while walking; on the other side, Inferiority (4v5), High-Inferiority (4v6), and Very High-Cooperation (4v2+4) allow players to sprint more and practice more tactical individual actions as a resultant emergent behavior; all players in SSG conditions with a lower number of conditions, perceived the exercise as more intense, especially in situations with less than two players. Overall, playing in high inferiority situations (4v2 and 4v6) may be used to increase physical demand for the outnumbered team, while coaches may use low superiority situations to adjust the task complexity when developing the players’ tactical individual actions.

ACS Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Bruno Travassos. How Numerical Unbalance Constraints Physical and Tactical Individual Demands of Ball Possession Small-Sided Soccer Games. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1464 .

AMA Style

Nuno André Nunes, Bruno Gonçalves, Diogo Coutinho, Bruno Travassos. How Numerical Unbalance Constraints Physical and Tactical Individual Demands of Ball Possession Small-Sided Soccer Games. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "How Numerical Unbalance Constraints Physical and Tactical Individual Demands of Ball Possession Small-Sided Soccer Games." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1464.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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Baptista, J, Travassos, B, Gonçalves, B, Mourão, P, Viana, JL, and Sampaio, J. Exploring the effects of playing formations on tactical behavior and external workload during football small-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2024–2030, 2020—This study aimed to identify the effects of playing formations on tactical behavior and external workload during football small-sided games. Twenty-three semiprofessional footballers integrated 3 different playing formations in a 7-a-side small-sided game, according to their specific player positions: team 4:3:0 (4 defenders and 3 midfielders); team 4:1:2 (4 defenders, 1 midfielder, and 2 forwards); and team 0:4:3 (4 midfielders and 3 forwards). Based on players' movement trajectories, the following individual and collective tactical variables were calculated: total distance covered and distance covered while walking, jogging, running, and sprinting, distance from each player to both own-team centroid and opponent-team centroid, individual area, team length, team width, and surface area. Approximate entropy was computed to identify the regularity of each variable. The team 4:3:0 promoted players' space exploration with moderate physical efforts. The team 4:1:2 promoted compactness and regularity of the team with increase in the physical efforts. The team 0:4:3 promoted team balance and adaptability on space coverage with increase in physical efforts. Concluding, different playing formations support different game dynamics, and variations on external load were directly linked with the variations on tactical behavior. The analysis of tactical behavior through quantification of variability of patterns of play and quantification of distance covered at different velocities were the most useful information for the analysis of the effects of practice task manipulations. Therefore, in a practical sense, strength and conditioning coaches should plan and monitor these tasks in interaction with the head coaches.

ACS Style

Jorge Baptista; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Paulo Mourão; João L. Viana; Jaime Sampaio. Exploring the Effects of Playing Formations on Tactical Behavior and External Workload During Football Small-Sided Games. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2020, 34, 2024 -2030.

AMA Style

Jorge Baptista, Bruno Travassos, Bruno Gonçalves, Paulo Mourão, João L. Viana, Jaime Sampaio. Exploring the Effects of Playing Formations on Tactical Behavior and External Workload During Football Small-Sided Games. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020; 34 (7):2024-2030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Baptista; Bruno Travassos; Bruno Gonçalves; Paulo Mourão; João L. Viana; Jaime Sampaio. 2020. "Exploring the Effects of Playing Formations on Tactical Behavior and External Workload During Football Small-Sided Games." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 7: 2024-2030.

Review
Published: 15 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study was to review the evolutionary tendencies of research regarding to the study of male Rink-Hockey players´ and game performance. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases according to PRISMA method. The initial search identified 815 titles, resulting in 19 articles being included within the review. Original papers (English language) contained relevant data regarding rink hockey players’ performance or morphological/physiological demands, anthropometry/body composition characteristics were eligible. Studies were classified into categories: (1) Physiological Demands, (2) Anthropometry and Body Composition, (3) Game Characterization/Patterns, (4) Injuries. Results indicated that Rink hockey requires high intensity effort which demands both short and long duration efforts requirements from players. Body composition analysis shows to be an important monitoring tool which complements the understanding of the athlete’s cardiac adaptation. Game patterns shows a combination of specific game momentums with different outcomes according to the game zone. The intense short-term movements, collision and contact between players, in addition to the weight and speed of the hard ball and the stick, can considerably increase the risk of moderate and severe injuries. Lack of literature in Rink-Hockey is remarkable, and research is mainly focused on children and adolescents’ players. Furthermore, the existing research with adult elite athletes was assessed with a small sample size.

ACS Style

António Ferraz; João Valente-Dos-Santos; Hugo Sarmento; Pedro Duarte-Mendes; Bruno Travassos. A Review of Players’ Characterization and Game Performance on Male Rink-Hockey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4259 .

AMA Style

António Ferraz, João Valente-Dos-Santos, Hugo Sarmento, Pedro Duarte-Mendes, Bruno Travassos. A Review of Players’ Characterization and Game Performance on Male Rink-Hockey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Ferraz; João Valente-Dos-Santos; Hugo Sarmento; Pedro Duarte-Mendes; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "A Review of Players’ Characterization and Game Performance on Male Rink-Hockey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4259.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The study aimed to identify how the manipulation of knowledge regarding a training task duration constrains the pacing and tactical behaviour of soccer players when playing small-sided games (SSG). Twenty professional and experienced soccer players participated in a cross-sectional field study using three conditions: not informed on the duration of the SSG, which ended after 20 min (Unknown Condition); briefed about playing the SSG for 10 min, but after they completed the 10-min game, they were requested to complete another 10 min (Partial Condition) and informed before that they would play for 20 min (Known Condition). A global positioning system was used to measure the total distance covered and distances of different exercise training zones (walking to sprinting) and to access the dynamic players positioning through the distance from each player to all the teammates and opponents. Additionally, approximate entropy was measured to identify the regularity pattern of each gathered individual variable. The results indicate that the first 10 min of each scenario presented a higher physical impact independently of the initial information. During this time, the tactical behaviour also revealed higher variability. An increase in the distance of the teammates during the second period of 10-min for the Known scenario was also found, which may result from a lower pacing strategy. This study showed that the prior knowledge of the task duration led to different physical and tactical behaviours of the players. Furthermore, the relationship between the physical impact and the regularity of team game patterns should be well analysed by the coach, because the physical impact may be harmful to the development of the collective organization of the team.

ACS Style

Ricardo Ferraz; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Rafael Oliveira; Bruno Travassos; Jaime Sampaio; Mário C. Marques. Effects of Knowing the Task’s Duration on Soccer Players’ Positioning and Pacing Behaviour during Small-Sided Games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3843 .

AMA Style

Ricardo Ferraz, Bruno Gonçalves, Diogo Coutinho, Rafael Oliveira, Bruno Travassos, Jaime Sampaio, Mário C. Marques. Effects of Knowing the Task’s Duration on Soccer Players’ Positioning and Pacing Behaviour during Small-Sided Games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricardo Ferraz; Bruno Gonçalves; Diogo Coutinho; Rafael Oliveira; Bruno Travassos; Jaime Sampaio; Mário C. Marques. 2020. "Effects of Knowing the Task’s Duration on Soccer Players’ Positioning and Pacing Behaviour during Small-Sided Games." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3843.

Research article
Published: 26 May 2020 in Research in Sports Medicine
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of playing area manipulation (20 × 15 m, 25 × 20 m and 30 × 25 m) on external workloads (total distance covered, distance covered while walking, running and sprinting, number of sprints, maximum sprint speed), internal load perceptions (rating of perceived exertion) and technical actions of passing (number of passes with dominant and non-dominant foot, and maximum passing speed) during 4v4 ball possession small-sided and conditioned games in under-11, under-15 and under-23 soccer players. Results showed higher values in the large playing area for under-11 in the distance covered in different speed zones, sprint number and RPE (all p <.001) for under-15 in sprints number (p <.01) and maximum sprint speed (p =.02), and for under-23 in both RPE and sprint numbers (p <.01). Although no significant differences were found on technical actions, it was still possible to notice some effects through pairwise comparison. High-intensity running was promoted on larger playing areas, where under-11 s were also able to perform more technical actions of passing. Opposite, under-23s were able to perform more passing on smaller playing areas, where under-11 s perceived the exercise more intense. The impact of different playing areas was reduced for the under-15.

ACS Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Keith Davids; Pedro Esteves; Bruno Travassos. How manipulation of playing area dimensions in ball possession games constrains physical effort and technical actions in under-11, under-15 and under-23 soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine 2020, 29, 170 -184.

AMA Style

Nuno André Nunes, Bruno Gonçalves, Keith Davids, Pedro Esteves, Bruno Travassos. How manipulation of playing area dimensions in ball possession games constrains physical effort and technical actions in under-11, under-15 and under-23 soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2020; 29 (2):170-184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno André Nunes; Bruno Gonçalves; Keith Davids; Pedro Esteves; Bruno Travassos. 2020. "How manipulation of playing area dimensions in ball possession games constrains physical effort and technical actions in under-11, under-15 and under-23 soccer players." Research in Sports Medicine 29, no. 2: 170-184.