Economic growth is the motive of every economy around the globe. With the change in the business landscape of Malaysia, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key factor influencing economic growth. Investigating the relationship between CSR factors and economic growth is crucial, as environmental concern throughout the world is for achieving the sustainable development goal (SDG) 2023 of Malaysia. By taking the significance of the problem into account, the objective of this study is to examine the role of sustainable corporate social responsibility practices in the economic development of Malaysia. We used the 492-respondent data randomly collected from different firms through a questionnaire. Smart partial least Squares -structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for the statistical analysis. Our findings indicate that economic sustainability practices have the strongest positive influence on economic development, followed by social, philanthropic, ethical, and environmental practices, while the impact of technological sustainability practices is not significant. The findings also concluded that a holistic approach to sustainability is necessary, guaranteeing that social and environmental factors are interconnected with solely economic objectives and fostering long-term growth. This study advocated the implications for business, government, and investors. The business and the government can improve the CSR sustainable practices by using the findings through matching sustainability plans with financial results as well as to legislators aiming to promote equitable and sustainable growth.

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Intensified competition, rapid technological advancements, and shifting customer demands are key catalysts for the global manufacturing landscape. Manufacturing companies that aim to remain competitive have re-evaluated and transformed their business models via sophisticated technologies to enhance production efficiency and customer focus. Nevertheless, implementing such innovations often requires substantial investments in infrastructure, training, and system upgrades, which can be challenging for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The current work examined an SME specializing in aluminum casting products that struggled to reduce the extended production time for high-volume products to meet production planning targets. Discrete-event simulation (DES) modeling served to replicate the current production processes and analyze the system behavior under various production process improvement strategies. A notable 71% reduction in the total production time was required to achieve the monthly planned quantity based on the DES analysis outcomes. Moreover, system dynamics (SD) modeling was employed to evaluate actionable improvement strategies aimed at expanding production capacity and assessing their potential to receive more orders and meet upcoming demand. The SME could meet a demand of 8000 units per month and increase its production capacity by combining overtime and outsourcing strategies. The findings from both simulation techniques offered real-time insights into the impact of proposed improvement strategies on operational and strategic performance measures to understand process optimization and improve production efficiency and capacity with minimal investment.

This study aims to examine how organizational socialization and job autonomy influence teachers’ job performance, and to advance the literature by positioning organizational citizenship behaviour as a mediating behavioural mechanism rather than a direct outcome. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and Job Characteristics Theory, the study proposes that supportive organizational conditions enhance teacher performance through discretionary work behaviours. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 402 full-time teachers from public secondary schools across four states in Malaysia, and the proposed relationships were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that organizational socialization has a strong direct effect on both organizational citizenship behaviour and teachers’ job performance, whereas job autonomy affects job performance primarily through organizational citizenship behaviour rather than directly. These results highlight the central role of citizenship behaviours in translating organizational support into performance outcomes. The study contributes to the educational and organizational behaviour literature by clarifying the behavioural pathways linking work design and performance in public schools. Practically, it offers insights for school leaders and policymakers on the importance of structured socialization practices, autonomy-supportive work environments, and recognition of discretionary behaviours to enhance teacher effectiveness.

This study investigates the factors influencing the development of research culture in Malaysian secondary schools, focusing on the roles of transformational leadership, monetary backup, research equipment, and teachers’ instructional load. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework, the research conceptualizes schools as organizations reliant on both tangible and intangible resources to promote sustainable innovation. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 198 secondary school teachers across various regions of Malaysia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that transformational leadership is the most significant and positive predictor of research culture among teachers. In contrast, monetary backup and instructional load did not exhibit statistically significant direct effects. Research equipment demonstrated a marginally significant positive influence, suggesting that adequate infrastructure may play a supporting role. The model explained 64.8% of the variance in research culture, highlighting the importance of leadership-driven strategies in cultivating inquiry-based practices. These findings contribute to theory by extending RBV into school settings and offer practical insights for education policymakers and administrators seeking to strengthen research engagement in schools.