Promoting self-care is one of the most promising strategies for managing chronic conditions. This overview aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions at improving self-care in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when compared to standard care. We carried out a review of systematic reviews on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, PsychInfo, and CINAHL. AMSTAR-2 was used for quality appraisal. Eight systematic reviews (six with meta-analysis) were included, involving a total of 41,579 participants. eHealth interventions were categorized into three subgroups: (i) reminders via messaging apps, emails, and apps; (ii) telemonitoring and online operator support; (iii) internet and web-based educational programs. Six systematic reviews showed an improvement in self-care measurements through eHealth interventions, which also led to a better quality of life and clinical outcomes (HbA1C, blood pressure, hospitalization, cholesterol, body weight). This overview provided some implications for practice and research: eHealth is effective in increasing self-care in chronic patients; however, it is required to designate the type of eHealth intervention based on the needed outcome (e.g., implementing telemonitoring to increase self-monitoring of blood pressure). In addition, there is a need to standardize self-care measures through increased use of validated assessment tools.

A Family and Community Health Nursing (FCHN) model was first conceptualized by the WHO approximately 25 years ago in response to the epidemiological transition leading to major changes in the population health needs. To date, no study has comprehensively explored the adherence of current applications of FCHN to the WHO original framework. We carried out a scoping review on PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL with the aim to compare the main features of FCHN models developed at the international level with the WHO’s framework. We identified 23 studies: 12 models, six service/program descriptions, four statements and one theoretical model. The FCHN models appear to focus primarily on sick individuals and their family, mainly providing direct care and relying on Interaction, Developmental and Systems Theories. While these features fit the WHO framework, others elements of the original model are poorly represented: the involvement of FCHN in prevention activities is scarce, especially in primary and secondary prevention, and little attention is paid to the health needs of the whole population. In conclusion, current applications of FCHN show a partial adherence to the WHO framework: population approaches should be strengthened in current FCHN models, with a stronger involvement of nurses in primary and secondary prevention.

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how infodemics—an excessive amount of both accurate and misleading information—undermine health responses. Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital tools have been increasingly applied to monitor, detect, and counter health misinformation online. This scoping review aims to systematically map digital and AI-based interventions, describing their applications, outcomes, ethical and equity implications, and policy frameworks. Methods: This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and was reported according to PRISMA-ScR. The protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework . Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL (January 2017–March 2025). Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction included study characteristics, populations, technologies, outcomes, thematic areas, and domains. Quantitative synthesis used descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 63 studies were included, most published between 2020 and 2024. The majority originated from the Americas (41.3%), followed by Europe (15.9%), the Western Pacific (9.5%), and other regions; 22.2% had a global scope. The most frequent thematic areas were monitoring/surveillance (54.0%) and health communication (42.9%), followed by education/training, AI/ML model development, and digital engagement tools. The domains most often addressed were applications (63.5%), responsiveness, policies/strategies, ethical concerns, and equity/accessibility. Conclusions: AI and digital tools provide significant contributions in detecting misinformation, strengthening surveillance, and promoting health literacy. However, evidence remains heterogeneous, with geographic imbalances, reliance on proxy outcomes, and limited focus on vulnerable groups. Scaling these interventions requires transparent governance, multilingual datasets, ethical safeguards, and integration into public health infrastructures.

Background/Objectives: Long COVID is a condition that was initially recognized by social support groups, and later by the scientific and medical communities. It affects COVID-19 survivors at various levels of severity, including young people, children and non-hospitalized people. Although the exact definition is unclear, the most common symptoms are fatigue and shortness of breath, which persist for months. Other symptoms include cognitive impairment, pain, palpitations, and gastrointestinal and heart problems. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of a questionnaire designed to examine the development and effects of long COVID. Methods: A questionnaire, composed of three sections, with a total of 24 items, was administered to subjects who had recovered from the COVID-19 disease in Italy. Data were collected from February to April 2025, and a statistical analysis was performed using R^® statistical software for Windows, version 4.3.3. Cronbach’s alpha was tested to check internal consistency. The questionnaire was completed voluntarily and anonymously by 250 individuals who had recovered from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The questionnaire was self-administered and had open and structured questions. Results: The highest value of Cronbach’s alpha was found on 18 items (alpha = 0.97), which means that the questionnaire has satisfactory internal validity. Conclusions: This study highlights and confirms the continuity of symptoms manifested during the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-COVID-19 phase and the significant impact of these symptoms on daily life activities. Given its excellent reliability properties and high internal consistency, the instrument is recommended for future longitudinal studies and with large cohorts in order to carry out valid and replicable measurements of COVID-19 symptomatology.

Background/Objectives: Long COVID is a multisystemic condition persisting beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data on young, community-dwelling adults in Italy remain limited. To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and symptom profiles of Long-COVID patients in an Italian cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional survey (February–April 2025) on 250 adults with prior COVID-19. A validated 24-item questionnaire was administered. Descriptive statistics, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), Hedges’ g effect sizes, and exploratory subgroup analyses (sex, age ≤ 30 vs. >30) were performed. Results: Participants were 63.6% female, 56% ≤ 30 years, 4.4% with comorbidities. Acute symptoms included muscle/joint pain (2.79 ± 1.31), weakness (2.77 ± 1.28), and tiredness (2.76 ± 1.31). Persistent symptoms were excessive tiredness (2.36 ± 1.27), weakness (2.25 ± 1.29), and muscle/joint pain (2.25 ± 1.25). Acute → persistent changes were significant (p < 0.01, paired t-test) with effect sizes g = 0.31–0.42. Women reported higher persistent fatigue (mean diff = 0.40, 95% CI 0.01–0.78, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Even among young adults without comorbidities, Long COVID imposes a relevant burden. Findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary pathways, nursing-led follow-up, and targeted self-management education.

Background/Objective: Health is a multidimensional construct shaped not only by clinical conditions but also by psychological, social, environmental and cultural factors. In low- and middle-income countries undergoing rapid epidemiological transition, understanding health requires integrated and culturally informed approaches. However, quality of life, perceived health status and lifestyle behaviors are often investigated separately, limiting the interpretation of well-being in specific local contexts. This study aimed to provide an integrated assessment of quality of life, perceived health status and lifestyle behaviours among adults attending a peri-urban public hospital in Kenya, using internationally validated instruments applied within a specific local cultural context. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Tigoni Level 4 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya. Adult outpatients (N = 40) were consecutively recruited. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, perceived health status using the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS, and lifestyle behaviours using selected modules of the WHO STEPS instrument. Descriptive statistics were performed, and exploratory associations were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: Participants had a mean age of 35.9 ± 11.4 years, with a balanced gender distribution. Lifestyle risk factors were prevalent, including insufficient physical activity (40%) and overweight or obesity (>50%). WHOQOL-BREF scores revealed a heterogeneous profile, with relatively preserved social relationships and lower scores in the psychological and environmental domains. Pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were the most frequently reported EQ-5D-5L problems. The mean EQ-VAS score was 68.2 ± 15.7. Perceived health was positively associated with physical and psychological quality of life, while higher body mass index was associated with lower physical quality of life. Mental health emerged as a cross-cutting factor across instruments. Conclusions: The findings highlight the multidimensional nature of health in a peri-urban Kenyan context and suggest the importance of considering local social and cultural influences when interpreting standardized health measures. Mental health and environmental conditions play a central role in shaping quality of life and perceived health, while lifestyle risk factors are already prevalent in a relatively young outpatient population. Integrating standardized health measures within a cross-cultural framework may support more holistic and person-centred approaches in primary care and public health in similar settings.