Background: Polymorphous lowgrade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is a rare entity of low-grade neuroepithelial tumors that primarily affects children and young adults. This distinct type of tumor presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. With its relatively recent identification, researchers and clinicians are striving to understand the characteristics, behavior, and optimal treatment strategies. The symptoms are primarily related to seizures. However, PLNTY can be asymptomatic in some cases. Materials and methods: This is a single -center case report study and a literature review paper. We reviewed a case treated and diagnosed at the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery. The demographic data, clinical follow-ups, laboratory, and radiological data of the patients were assessed. Results: We present a 32 -year -old male patient who has undergone gross total surgical excision with strict clinical follow-up. Clinical course as well as surgical data of the patient were observed and analyzed. Conclusion: On imaging, morphologic resembling and indistinctive clinical course can be nonspecific, contributing to diagnostic uncertainties. This case report was written with the notion that rare diagnoses present an opportunity to understand the progression and patho-oncological factors that can pave the way for better treatment.

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding vertebral restoration, development of kyphotic deformity, and pain control following balloon kyphoplasty. However, there is no consensus regarding the ideal time to perform kyphoplasty. Herein, we aimed to compare the results of treatment of different vertebral levels following early or late kyphoplasty. Between 2017 and 2022, 283 patients with single-level osteoporotic vertebral fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in whom visual analog scale (VAS) values were recorded, and osteoporosis tests performed were included in the study. Traumatic single-level fractures in patients with osteoporosis who were aged > 60 years were included. Patients with a history of malignancy, previous spinal surgery, or neurological deficits were excluded. A total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 50 patients underwent kyphoplasty within 3 days of sustaining the fracture (Group 1), and 50 patients underwent kyphoplasty more than 3 days after sustaining the fracture (Group 2). Groups A, B, and C included fractures at the T7–T11 levels, T12–L1 levels (thoracolumbar junction), and L2–L5 levels, respectively. These groups were compared among themselves. Bilateral balloon kyphoplasty was performed under sedation in the prone position. Preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, anterior vertebral heights, and kyphotic angles (KAs) were measured and recorded. The vertebral segments that underwent early and late kyphoplasty were also compared among themselves. In all the patients who underwent early or late kyphoplasty, there was a significant decrease in the KA and a significant increase in vertebral heights during the early postoperative period (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the vertebral heights and KA between the early and late postoperative periods (p = 0.780). Early kyphoplasty demonstrated better pain control with a greater improvement in VAS score (p < 0.001) than late kyphoplasty. Kyphoplasty plays an important role in reducing pain and ensuring early mobilization in older patients. In our study, the improvements in both symptoms and radiological features are concrete evidence in favor of performing early kyphoplasty.

Objective: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially reversible cause of functional and cognitive decline in older adults. Although endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has emerged as an alternative treatment option in selected patients, its multidimensional impact on geriatric syndromes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate changes in comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) parameters following ETV in patients with iNPH. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 14 patients aged ≥55 years with iNPH who underwent ETV. Patients were categorized according to clinical improvement based on the iNPH Grading Scale. CGA domains—including Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Lawton–Brody Instrumental (ADL), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), SARC-F, Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL), and the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen-Turkish Version (qMCI-TR) were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months after ETV. Results: Eight patients (57.1%) demonstrated clinical improvement after ETV. At baseline, the clinical improvement group had higher Katz ADL, IADL, and qMCI-TR scores than the without improvement group. At 1st month, the clinical improvement group showed significant improvements in Katz ADL (Δ=1.0, p=0.025), CFS (Δ=−1.0, p=0.011), SARC-F (Δ=−2.0, p=0.011), MNA-SF (Δ=1.0, p=0.011), and OPQOL (p=0.017). At 3rd month, further significant improvements were observed in CFS (Δ=−1.0, p=0.011), OPQOL (Δ=6.0, p=0.017), SARC-F (Δ=−2.5, p=0.011), and MNA-SF (Δ=1.0, p=0.016). In contrast, patients without clinical improvement showed no consistent favorable changes across CGA domains. Conclusion: In older adults with iNPH, clinical response to ETV was associated with meaningful improvements across multiple geriatric domains, particularly frailty, sarcopenia risk, nutritional status, functional status, and quality of life. These findings suggest that the benefits of ETV may extend beyond the classical symptom triad and support the integration of CGA into the perioperative evaluation of patients with iNPH.

Aim: Cervical discectomy followed by cage placement for fusion is nowadays a commonly used method for the treatment of degenerative cervical spine diseases. One of the complications that can be observed during postoperative follow-up is cervical cage subsidence. At this point, it is investigated in this study the relationship between the loss of endplate brightness observed on early postoperative cervical radiographs and the development of cervical cage subsidence during follow-up. Methods: 100 patients who underwent single-level cervical disc herniation surgery between 2013 and 2023 were selected. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of cage subsidence in cervical radiographs taken at the 60-day postoperative follow-up. In all patients included in the study, the presence of endplate brightness loss in the cervical radiographs taken within the day 1 of post-surgery period in the vertebrae adjacent to the cage was evaluated and compared between groups. Results: Cage subsidence was detected in 11 patients (11%), while it was not observed in 89 patients (89%). Among the 11 patients with cage subsidence, endplate brightness loss was identified in 8 patients (72.7%), whereas it was found in 10 patients (11.2%) among the 89 patients without cage subsidence. These results indicate a significant relationship between the loss of endplate brightness observed on early radiographs and the occurrence of cervical cage subsidence during later follow-up (p