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In the year 1996 graduated cum laude in Civil Engineering at the University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), in the year 2003 earned a Ph. D. in Hydraulic Engineering from the University of Catania (Italy). His professional experience includes five years (2001-2005) as Civil-Environmental Engineer in two municipalities in Italy. Between 2006 and 2015 he was assistant Professor and since 2015 Associated Professor in Sanitary Environmental Engineering at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria. He founded and currently leads the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria. He teaches several courses in the field of wastewater treatment and of solid waste treatment and management for the B. Sc. And M Sc. Coursed in Environmental Engineering. In May 2016 he worked as visiting professor at the Democritus University of Thrace (Greece), from 2020 he is Adjunct Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto (Canada). His main research interests include integrated solid waste management, anaerobic digestion, contaminated groundwater treatment by Fe0. He his author/coauthor of about 70 papers published in International Journals.
Orange peel (OP), the main residue of the citrus industry, is usually used for animal feeding and soil fertilisation if more advanced options are lacking. In areas with warm and dry climatic conditions, OP is land-spread for solar-drying on the fields, the leachate produced is a potential pollution factor for soil especially due to the release of organic matter; heavy rainfalls could even aggravate the hazard. Since literature does not report any quantitative evaluation of this risk, this study presents three OP drainage tests in lysimeters, where OP was left releasing leachate on a soil layer. A first test was carried out on raw OP naturally draining, while, in a second and a third test, a rainfall of 100 mm was applied on already drained and solar-dried OP, respectively. After drainage, raw OP reduced its initial volume by about 90% and the leachate production accounted only for about 20% of the initial volume. The simulated rainfall produced even lower volumes of leachate (2–3% of the initial biomass volume), in spite of the high rainfall volume and long drainage time after its application. The COD concentration in the leachate from the raw OP was significantly higher than those produced after simulated rainfall. However, the COD amount released to the soil was negligible. The lysimetric tests showed that the release of leachate occurs mainly during the first phase of drainage and that rainfall is absorbed and does not produce significant leaching. Overall, the risk of soil pollution due to the natural drainage of OP is negligible, due to both limited amounts of leachate and organic loading.
Serafina Andiloro; Paolo Calabrò; Adele Folino; Demetrio Zema; Santo Zimbone. Evaluating the Pollution Risk of Soil Due to Natural Drainage of Orange Peel: First Results. Environments 2021, 8, 43 .
AMA StyleSerafina Andiloro, Paolo Calabrò, Adele Folino, Demetrio Zema, Santo Zimbone. Evaluating the Pollution Risk of Soil Due to Natural Drainage of Orange Peel: First Results. Environments. 2021; 8 (5):43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerafina Andiloro; Paolo Calabrò; Adele Folino; Demetrio Zema; Santo Zimbone. 2021. "Evaluating the Pollution Risk of Soil Due to Natural Drainage of Orange Peel: First Results." Environments 8, no. 5: 43.
Limonene is a renewable cyclic monoterpene that is easily obtainable from citrus peel and it is commonly used as a nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide and green extraction solvent as well as additive in healthcare, fragrance and food and beverage industries for its characteristic lemon-like smell. Indeed, the lack of toxicity makes limonene a promising bio-alternative for the development of a wide range of effective products in modern biorefineries. As a consequence, industrial demand largely exceeds supply by now. Limonene can be also used as starting substrate for the preparation of building block chemicals, including p-cymene that is an important intermediate in several industrial catalytic processes. In this contribution, after reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis. Indeed, the latest reports evidence that the selective production of p-cymene still remains a scientific and technological challenge since, in order to drive the isomerization and dehydrogenation of limonene, an optimal balance between the catalyst nature/content and the reaction conditions is needed.
Antonella Satira; Claudia Espro; Emilia Paone; Paolo Calabrò; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Francesco Mauriello. The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. Catalysts 2021, 11, 387 .
AMA StyleAntonella Satira, Claudia Espro, Emilia Paone, Paolo Calabrò, Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Francesco Mauriello. The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (3):387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Satira; Claudia Espro; Emilia Paone; Paolo Calabrò; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Francesco Mauriello. 2021. "The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene." Catalysts 11, no. 3: 387.
Granular materials can be used in the context of different technologies for the treatment of contaminated solutions, such as groundwater, stormwater, wastewater, water intended for potable use, or leachate. For all such technologies, it is essential that the filtering media guarantee reactivity and permeability over a reasonably long time, avoiding the rapid replacement of the materials or the failure of the treatment goals. This mini-review provides an update on materials recently tested at the laboratory scale for heavy metal removal during batch or column tests. A recent trend in this field of research is the use of reactive materials derived from agricultural and industrial waste, alone or in combination with other conventional materials, such as zerovalent iron. Lack of knowledge of their long-term behavior is the main challenge related to the use of these new active materials, and therefore, long-term column tests are strongly recommended to correctly simulate the filtration process.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Stefania Bilardi; Nicola Moraci. Advancements in the use of filtration materials for the removal of heavy metals from multicontaminated solutions. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 2021, 20, 100241 .
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Stefania Bilardi, Nicola Moraci. Advancements in the use of filtration materials for the removal of heavy metals from multicontaminated solutions. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. 2021; 20 ():100241.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Stefania Bilardi; Nicola Moraci. 2021. "Advancements in the use of filtration materials for the removal of heavy metals from multicontaminated solutions." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 20, no. : 100241.
Anchovies are among the largest fish catch worldwide. The anchovy fillet industry generates a huge amount of biowaste (e.g., fish heads, bones, tails) that can be used for the extraction of several potentially valuable bioproducts including omega-3 lipids. Following the extraction of valued fish oil rich in omega-3, vitamin D3 and zeaxanthin from anchovy fillet leftovers using biobased limonene in a fully circular process, the solid residue (anchovy sludge) was used as starting substrate for the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. In spite of the unbalanced carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, typical of marine biowaste, the anchovy sludge showed a good methane yield (about 280 mLCH4·gVS −1), proving to be an ideal substrate for co-digestion along with other carbon rich wastes and residues. Furthermore, the presence of residual limonene, used as a renewable, not-toxic and edible extraction solvent, does not affect the microbial methanogenesis. The results reported in this study demonstrate that anchovy leftovers after the fish oil extraction process can be efficiently used as a starting co-substrate for the production of biogas in a modern biorefinery.
Emilia Paone; Filippo Fazzino; Daniela Pizzone; Antonino Scurria; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Paolo Calabrò. Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste after Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2428 .
AMA StyleEmilia Paone, Filippo Fazzino, Daniela Pizzone, Antonino Scurria, Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Paolo Calabrò. Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste after Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilia Paone; Filippo Fazzino; Daniela Pizzone; Antonino Scurria; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Paolo Calabrò. 2021. "Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste after Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2428.
A renewable cyclic monoterpene obtained from citrus peel, limonene is widely used as a fra-grance, nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide, and green extraction solvent. Indus-trial demand largely exceeds supply. After reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with a particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis.
Antonella Satira; Claudia Espro; Emilia Paone; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Francesco Mauriello. The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAntonella Satira, Claudia Espro, Emilia Paone, Paolo Salvatore Calabrò, Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Francesco Mauriello. The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonella Satira; Claudia Espro; Emilia Paone; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Francesco Mauriello. 2021. "The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene." , no. : 1.
Anchovies are amid the largest fish catch worldwide. The anchovy fillet industry generates a huge amount of biowaste (e.g. fish heads, bones, tails) that can be used for the extraction of several potentially valuable bioproducts including omega-3 lipids. Following the extraction of valued fish oil rich in omega-3, vitamin D3 and zeaxanthin from anchovy fillet leftovers using biobased limonene in a fully circular process, the solid residue was used as starting substrate for the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. The results first reported in this study demonstrate good potential energy recovery of the anchovy sludge of about 280 mLCH4∙gVS-1. Due to unbalanced C/N ratio typical of marine biowaste, co-digestion with a carbon rich substrate is recommended.
Emilia Paone; Filippo Fazzino; Daniela Maria Pizzone; Antonino Scurria; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò. Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste After Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEmilia Paone, Filippo Fazzino, Daniela Maria Pizzone, Antonino Scurria, Mario Pagliaro, Rosaria Ciriminna, Paolo Salvatore Calabrò. Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste After Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilia Paone; Filippo Fazzino; Daniela Maria Pizzone; Antonino Scurria; Mario Pagliaro; Rosaria Ciriminna; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò. 2021. "Towards the Anchovy Biorefinery: Biogas Production from Anchovy Processing Waste After Fish Oil Extraction with Biobased Limonene." , no. : 1.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) represents a suitable option for the management of the waste-activated sludge (WAS) produced in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Nevertheless, due to its complex characteristics, WAS is often barely degradable under conventional anaerobic processes. The use of conductive materials during AD provides a promising route for enhancing WAS digestion, through the effects of direct inter-species electron transfer (DIET). The present paper aims to evaluate the effects of the addition of four different materials—granular activated carbon (GAC), granular iron, and aluminium and steel scrap powders—in semi-continuous lab-scale reactors under very high volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratios. In particular, the use of metallic aluminium in WAS digestion was investigated for the first time and compared to the other materials. The AD of WAS without the addition of conductive materials was impossible, while the use of steel powder and zero-valent iron is shown not to improve the digestion process in a satisfactory way. On the contrary, both GAC and Al allow for effective WAS degradation. At stable conditions, methane yields of about 230 NmLCH4/gVS and 212 NmLCH4/gVS are recorded for GAC- and Al-amended reactors, respectively. These two materials are the most promising in sustaining WAS AD through DIET also in case of unbalanced volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratios.
Paolo Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Carlo Limonti; Alessio Siciliano. Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge by Conductive Materials under High Volatile Fatty Acids-to-Alkalinity Ratios. Water 2021, 13, 391 .
AMA StylePaolo Calabrò, Filippo Fazzino, Carlo Limonti, Alessio Siciliano. Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge by Conductive Materials under High Volatile Fatty Acids-to-Alkalinity Ratios. Water. 2021; 13 (4):391.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Carlo Limonti; Alessio Siciliano. 2021. "Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge by Conductive Materials under High Volatile Fatty Acids-to-Alkalinity Ratios." Water 13, no. 4: 391.
The management of the huge amount of orange peel waste (OPW) is a complex issue although it has a very high potential in terms of biorefining. One of the main problems in the valorisation of OPW is the seasonality of its production with the ensiling method being largely proposed as a possible solution. During the ensiling process, value added chemicals including lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol are spontaneously produced together with a significant loss of volatile solids (VS) . In this contribution, the stimulation of lactic acid bacteria by either a biological (inoculation with leachate coming from a previous ensiling process) or chemical (MnCl2 supplementation) methods has been tested with the aim to increase the chemicals production preventing, at the same time, the VS loss. The inoculation with the leachate improves both the VS recovery (+7%) and the concentration of lactic acid (+113%) with respect to the uninoculated one (control). The overall yields of the process are noticeable, up to about 55 g·kgTS−1 of lactic acid, 26 g·kgTS−1 of acetic acid and 120 g g·kgTS-1 of ethanol have been produced. On the other hand, the chemical stimulation enhances the production of liquid products together with a significant VS loss. The proposed preservation method, due to its simplicity, can be easily implemented at full-scale allowing the production of added-value chemicals and the concurrent storage of the OPW that can be further valorised (e.g. animal feed, pectin or biomethane production).
Filippo Fazzino; Francesco Mauriello; Emilia Paone; Rossana Sidari; Paolo S. Calabrò. Integral valorization of orange peel waste through optimized ensiling: Lactic acid and bioethanol production. Chemosphere 2021, 271, 129602 .
AMA StyleFilippo Fazzino, Francesco Mauriello, Emilia Paone, Rossana Sidari, Paolo S. Calabrò. Integral valorization of orange peel waste through optimized ensiling: Lactic acid and bioethanol production. Chemosphere. 2021; 271 ():129602.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilippo Fazzino; Francesco Mauriello; Emilia Paone; Rossana Sidari; Paolo S. Calabrò. 2021. "Integral valorization of orange peel waste through optimized ensiling: Lactic acid and bioethanol production." Chemosphere 271, no. : 129602.
Italy developed over the last two decades a fairly efficient separate collection system but still about 30% of municipal solid waste (MSW) collected is destined to landfilling. Italian Regulation adopts the Dynamic Respirometric index (DRI) as the key parameter for evaluating the waste biological stability of MSW prior to landfilling. On the basis of a recent literature survey, this paper aims at evaluating how much DRI (used as aerobic waste stability index) and the biochemical methane potential (used as anaerobic waste stability index) of commingled (mixed) waste, respectively before and after a simulated biological treatment, are influenced by separate collection. Experimental data confirm that enhanced separate collection results in a reduction of the putrescible content of commingled waste. However, the reduction of DRI due to separate collection only (about 20%) is insufficient to approve direct landfilling without any biological pretreatment since the required standard is not achieved, while its implementation decreases efficiently both indices in the order of 50–75%. It is also delineated that only the joint use of an aerobic and an anaerobic index gives complete and reliable information on commingled waste stability, which optimizes the treatment of municipal waste for increasing the overall sustainability of the system.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Domenica Pangallo. How does separate collection efficiency influence biological stability of commingled Italian municipal solid waste? Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 2020, 19, 100355 .
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Filippo Fazzino, Domenica Pangallo. How does separate collection efficiency influence biological stability of commingled Italian municipal solid waste? Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2020; 19 ():100355.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Domenica Pangallo. 2020. "How does separate collection efficiency influence biological stability of commingled Italian municipal solid waste?" Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 19, no. : 100355.
Recent experimental studies have shown that it is possible to improve the hydraulic and reactive behaviour of permeable reactive barriers (PRB) composed of zero-valent iron (ZVI) by admixing this reactive medium with volcanic materials such as lapillus or pumice. In this paper, the adsorption behaviour of lapillus and pumice was evaluated through batch tests carried out using nickel and zinc contaminated solutions at three different initial concentrations (5, 10 and 50 mg/L). It was observed that lapillus sorption capacity is 4 and 8 times higher than that of pumice for nickel and zinc, respectively. The comparison of column tests results, carried out using mixtures of ZVI/pumice and ZVI/lapillus with two different contaminated solutions (nickel and zinc at initial concentration of 50 mg/L), has shown the best performance by the ZVI/lapillus mixtures. In fact, thanks to the contribution of lapillus to contaminant removal, the use of ZVI/lapillus mixtures would allow reducing PRB thickness compared to the use of ZVI/pumice mixtures when the same mass of ZVI is considered. A column test carried out with lapillus only has also shown that it is possible to use the latter as a reactive medium in PRB in the presence of low concentrations of contaminants.
Stefania Bilardi; Paolo S Calabrò; Nicola Moraci; Maria G Madaffari; Ehsan Ranjbar. A comparison between Fe0/pumice and Fe0/lapillus mixtures in permeable reactive barriers. Environmental Geotechnics 2020, 7, 524 -539.
AMA StyleStefania Bilardi, Paolo S Calabrò, Nicola Moraci, Maria G Madaffari, Ehsan Ranjbar. A comparison between Fe0/pumice and Fe0/lapillus mixtures in permeable reactive barriers. Environmental Geotechnics. 2020; 7 (8):524-539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Bilardi; Paolo S Calabrò; Nicola Moraci; Maria G Madaffari; Ehsan Ranjbar. 2020. "A comparison between Fe0/pumice and Fe0/lapillus mixtures in permeable reactive barriers." Environmental Geotechnics 7, no. 8: 524-539.
Separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) is mandatory in Italy, and an increasingly higher standard of efficiency is applied; in fact, the target value set by regulation is 65%. In the last 20 years, separate collection efficiency increased from 9.4% with 80% national MSW landfilled, and only one region was over 25% separate collection to 58.1% with 22% national MSW landfilled and 12 of 20 regions over 55% separate collection. However, significant differences are present in the three Italian macro regions (North, Center and South). This paper analyzes the composition of waste carried in most Italian regions to evaluate the effect of separate collection on the composition of mixed municipal solid waste (unsorted). Moreover, a regression analysis on the same data allows to assess this latter as a function of separate collection efficiency.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Domenica Pangallo. Analysis of the Effect of Separate Collection on the Composition of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste in Italy. The Open Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 14, 63 -70.
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Domenica Pangallo. Analysis of the Effect of Separate Collection on the Composition of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste in Italy. The Open Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 14 (1):63-70.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Domenica Pangallo. 2020. "Analysis of the Effect of Separate Collection on the Composition of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste in Italy." The Open Chemical Engineering Journal 14, no. 1: 63-70.
The problems linked to plastic wastes have led to the development of biodegradable plastics. More specifically, biodegradable bioplastics are the polymers that are mineralized into carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic compounds, or biomass through the enzymatic action of specific microorganisms. They could, therefore, be a suitable and environmentally friendly substitute to conventional petrochemical plastics. The physico-chemical structure of the biopolymers, the environmental conditions, as well as the microbial populations to which the bioplastics are exposed to are the most influential factors to biodegradation. This process can occur in both natural and industrial environments, in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with the latter being the least researched. The examined aerobic environments include compost, soil, and some aquatic environments, whereas the anaerobic environments include anaerobic digestion plants and a few aquatic habitats. This review investigates both the extent and the biodegradation rates under different environments and explores the state-of-the-art knowledge of the environmental and biological factors involved in biodegradation. Moreover, the review demonstrates the need for more research on the long-term fate of bioplastics under natural and industrial (engineered) environments. However, bioplastics cannot be considered a panacea when dealing with the elimination of plastic pollution.
Adele Folino; Aimilia Karageorgiou; Paolo Calabrò; Dimitrios Komilis. Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6030 .
AMA StyleAdele Folino, Aimilia Karageorgiou, Paolo Calabrò, Dimitrios Komilis. Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdele Folino; Aimilia Karageorgiou; Paolo Calabrò; Dimitrios Komilis. 2020. "Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6030.
In order to overcome anaerobic digestion (AD) inhibition due to the large nitrogen content of swine wastewater (SW), air stripping (AS) and other chemical and physical pretreatments were applied on raw SW before AD. The efficiency of these pretreatments on both ammonia removal—recovering ammonia salts to be used as fertilizers in agriculture—and the increase of methane production were assessed in batch tests. Since the pH, temperature, and air flow rate heavily influence AS efficiency and the composition of treated SW, these parameters were set individually or in combination. In more detail, the pH was increased from the natural value of SW to 8 or 10, temperature was increased from the room value to 40 °C, and the air flow rate was increased from zero to 5 Lair LSW−1 min−1. AS was generally more efficient at removing ammonia (up to 97%) from raw (non-treated) SW compared to the other treatments. However, the tested pretreatments were not as efficient as expected in increasing the biogas production, because the methane yields of all pretreated substrates were lower (by about 10–50%) to compared raw SW. The inhibitory effect on AD could have been due to the lack of nutrients and organic matter in the substrate (due to the excessive removal of the pretreatments), the concentration of toxic compounds (such as metal ions or furfural due to water evaporation), and an excess of alkali ions (used to increase the pH in AS). Overall, AS can be considered a sustainable process for the recovery of ammonium sulphate and the removal of other polluting compounds (e.g., organic matter) from SW. Conversely, the use of AS and other chemical and/or thermal processes tested in this study as pretreatments of SW before AD is not advised because these processes appear to reduce methane yields.
Adele Folino; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò; Demetrio Antonio Zema. Effects of Ammonia Stripping and Other Physico-Chemical Pretreatments on Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Wastewater. Energies 2020, 13, 3413 .
AMA StyleAdele Folino, Paolo Salvatore Calabrò, Demetrio Antonio Zema. Effects of Ammonia Stripping and Other Physico-Chemical Pretreatments on Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Wastewater. Energies. 2020; 13 (13):3413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdele Folino; Paolo Salvatore Calabrò; Demetrio Antonio Zema. 2020. "Effects of Ammonia Stripping and Other Physico-Chemical Pretreatments on Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Wastewater." Energies 13, no. 13: 3413.
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the major issues on the planet, but it is also a potential major source of resources for circular economy. This paper covers recent technical-scientific advancements related to (i) the choice of the MSW collection system between single stream and systems relying on separate collection; (ii) the customer engagement in advanced MSW collection systems; and (iii) the role of the informal sector for sustainable MSW management systems in developing countries. The current opinion on these issues is that separate collection gives superior results, but it needs a strong customer commitment that can be primarily obtained through information and educational campaigns. For countries that are still developing their MSW management systems, the inclusion of the informal sector is considered essential for obtaining resilient and sustainable systems.
P.S. Calabrò; A. Satira. Recent advancements toward resilient and sustainable municipal solid waste collection systems. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2020, 26, 100375 .
AMA StyleP.S. Calabrò, A. Satira. Recent advancements toward resilient and sustainable municipal solid waste collection systems. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2020; 26 ():100375.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP.S. Calabrò; A. Satira. 2020. "Recent advancements toward resilient and sustainable municipal solid waste collection systems." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 26, no. : 100375.
One of the most promising systems to treat swine wastewater is air stripping. This system simultaneously recovers nitrogen salts, to be used as fertiliser, and reduces the organic pollutant load in the effluents of swine breeding farms. Several reviews have discussed the air stripping as a treatment for many types of industrial wastewater or nitrogen-rich digestate (the liquid effluent derived from the anaerobic digestion plants) for the stripping/recovery of nutrients. However, reviews about the use of air stripping as treatment for raw or anaerobically digested swine wastewater are not available in literature. To fill this gap, this study: (i) Summarises the experiences of air stripping for recovery of ammonium salts from both raw and digested swine wastewater; and (ii) compares air stripping efficiency under different operational conditions. Moreover, combined systems including air stripping (such as struvite crystallisation, chemical precipitation, microwave radiation) have been compared. These comparisons have shown that air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater fits well the concept of bio-refinery, because this system allows the sustainable management of the piggery effluent by extracting value-added compounds, by-products, and/or energy from wastewater. On the other hand, air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater has not been extensively studied and more investigations should be carried out.
Adele Folino; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Paolo S. Calabrò. Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4971 .
AMA StyleAdele Folino, Demetrio Antonio Zema, Paolo S. Calabrò. Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4971.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdele Folino; Demetrio Antonio Zema; Paolo S. Calabrò. 2020. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4971.
Today, orange peel waste (OPW) is mainly used as cattle feed, often after ensiling. This storage phase can increase the efficiency of anaerobic digestion, since it allows both a better management of possible co-digestion and a reduction in the high content of essential oils (mainly composed of d-Limonene a well-known inhibitor of anaerobic digestion). The effects of ensiling on the methane potential of OPW have been little studied, particularly its microbiological profile. This study has simulated, at laboratory scale, OPW ensiling under three different conditions. Ensiled OPW samples were then either directly anaeobically digested or subjected to simple pretreatments aiming at the further removal of d-Limonene. The microbiota evolution during ensiling and the species of microorganisms present during the aforementioned process were also identified. After ensiling, up to over 70% of the initial d-Limonene content of OPW was removed and biomethane yield was preserved up to about 90%.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Rossana Sidari; Demetrio Antonio Zema. Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion. Renewable Energy 2020, 154, 849 -862.
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Filippo Fazzino, Rossana Sidari, Demetrio Antonio Zema. Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion. Renewable Energy. 2020; 154 ():849-862.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Rossana Sidari; Demetrio Antonio Zema. 2020. "Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion." Renewable Energy 154, no. : 849-862.
Citrus-processing industries produce large volumes of wastewater (CPWW). The large variability of these volumes coupled to physicochemical characteristics of CPWW determine severe constraints for their disposal due to both economic and environmental factors. To minimize the management costs and prevent the negative ecological impacts of CPWW, several systems have been proposed and adopted. However, all these treatment/valorization routes have many issues that are not yet thoroughly known by the scientific community and stakeholders of the citrus-processing chain. This paper reports an overview of the possible treatment/valorization opportunities for CPWW: intensive biological treatment, lagooning, direct land application, energy conversion, and biorefinery uses for the extraction of added-value compounds. Advantages and constraints are presented and discussed, and the following conclusions are achieved: (i) there is not a unique solution for CPWW treatment, since the best management system of CPWW must be chosen case by case, taking into account the quality/quantity of the effluent and the location of the transformation industry; (ii) the adoption of a biorefinery approach can increase the competitiveness and the further development of the whole citrus sector, but the cost of novel technologies (some of which have not been tested at real scale) still limits their development.
Demetrio Antonio Zema; Paolo Salvatore Calabro; Adele Folino; Vincenzo Tamburino; Giovanni Zappia; Santo Marcello Zimbone. Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits. Water 2019, 11, 2481 .
AMA StyleDemetrio Antonio Zema, Paolo Salvatore Calabro, Adele Folino, Vincenzo Tamburino, Giovanni Zappia, Santo Marcello Zimbone. Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemetrio Antonio Zema; Paolo Salvatore Calabro; Adele Folino; Vincenzo Tamburino; Giovanni Zappia; Santo Marcello Zimbone. 2019. "Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits." Water 11, no. 12: 2481.
Biodegradable plastics have been introduced to the market to substitute “traditional”, non-biodegradable, petro-based plastics to alleviate plastic pollution. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on compostable bags made of MaterBi®, biodegradable bottle wine corks and cellulosic plates to examine the anaerobic biodegradability of those materials. The impact of four factors: type of pretreatment (predigestion, mechanical, alkaline, predigestion and alkaline), digestion duration, type of inoculum and temperature were statistically evaluated through regression modeling. Anaerobic tests on compostable and polyethylene bags (control) were carried out in mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions, while tests on bottle wine corks and cellulosic plates were carried out in mesophilic conditions only. After 15 days of digestion, a dry mass reduction of 22.8 ± 6.2% and 27.6 ± 14.0% for mesophilic and thermophilic tests respectively was recorded for MaterBi®. Chemical pretreatment with NaOH led to a mass reduction of 78.2 ± 7.2% and was the only statistically significant factor to affect both methane yields and dry mass loss. A higher digestion temperature led to an increased mass loss without a concurrent increase in methane production. The cellulosic plates were completely degraded (99.9 ± 0.03% mass reduction), while the wine bottle corks weight did not change.
P.S. Calabro’; Adele Folino; F. Fazzino; D. Komilis. Preliminary evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of three biobased materials used for the production of disposable plastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 390, 121653 .
AMA StyleP.S. Calabro’, Adele Folino, F. Fazzino, D. Komilis. Preliminary evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of three biobased materials used for the production of disposable plastics. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 390 ():121653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP.S. Calabro’; Adele Folino; F. Fazzino; D. Komilis. 2019. "Preliminary evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of three biobased materials used for the production of disposable plastics." Journal of Hazardous Materials 390, no. : 121653.
Orange peel waste (OPW) is a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion. The problems related to the presence of d-Limonene in OPW need to be overcome. Alkaline pretreatment of OPW and addition of granular activated carbon are promising remedies.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Adele Folino; Dimitrios Komilis. Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Orange Peel Waste: Preliminary Results. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems 2019, 309 -311.
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Filippo Fazzino, Adele Folino, Dimitrios Komilis. Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Orange Peel Waste: Preliminary Results. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems. 2019; ():309-311.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Adele Folino; Dimitrios Komilis. 2019. "Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Orange Peel Waste: Preliminary Results." Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems , no. : 309-311.
Orange Peel Waste (OPW) is a widely produced residue whose management is complicated by its physical and chemical properties. Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is commonly used for the treatment and exploitation of many biodegradable wastes, is inefficient on OPW due to the presence of essential oils (mainly d-Limonene) as well as the low pH, which cause the process to be unstable. Here we explore the effect of alkaline pre-treatment of OPW and of the addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) and Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) in improving AD in two semi-continuous reactors at a laboratory scale. The addition and pre-treatment of ZVI/GAC were shown to help process stability up to a loading of 3 kgVS·m−3·d−1 and to increase methane production even at a sub-optimal pH. The investigation of the bacterial community, by high-throughput sequencing, has also increased our insight on their involvement in AD in the presence of ZVI, including its biotic oxidation. In addition, direct interspecies electron transfer was shown to play a role in the reactor supplemented with ZVI.
Paolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Adele Folino; Silvia Scibetta; Rossana Sidari. Improvement of semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of pre-treated orange peel waste by the combined use of zero valent iron and granular activated carbon. Biomass and Bioenergy 2019, 129, 105337 .
AMA StylePaolo S. Calabrò, Filippo Fazzino, Adele Folino, Silvia Scibetta, Rossana Sidari. Improvement of semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of pre-treated orange peel waste by the combined use of zero valent iron and granular activated carbon. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2019; 129 ():105337.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo S. Calabrò; Filippo Fazzino; Adele Folino; Silvia Scibetta; Rossana Sidari. 2019. "Improvement of semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of pre-treated orange peel waste by the combined use of zero valent iron and granular activated carbon." Biomass and Bioenergy 129, no. : 105337.