Introduction: Socioeconomic factors play an important role in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The aim of this study is to investigate HP prevalence among symptomatic patients in the upper socioeconomic segment of the population undergoing gastroscopy in an endemic urban region. Methodology: Over a 12-month period, data were collected from the first consecutive 1000 patients (500 from university hospital, 500 from community hospital) who had gastroscopy and HP evaluation. Results: Overall, 211/1000 patients (21.1 %) were found to have HP in gastric biopsies. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease test were 87.5%, 99.7%, 99%, 96.5%, and 96.9% respectively. Atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers were significantly more common in HP positive patients. Age based distribution of HP prevalence: > 6 decades (15.5%), 3rd-5th decades (26.1%), < 3rd decades (10.4%). Conclusion: In an HP endemic country, the prevalence of HP infection among symptomatic patients belonging to the upper socioeconomic segment of the population appears to be markedly lower. The lowest prevalence in young patients is expected to result in future decrease in HP prevalence.

Objective: As HIV infection is becoming a chronic entity, the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) in diagnosis and treatment is getting more significant. We aimed to assess the attitude and competency of the PCPs about HIV infection compared to other specialties and describe the areas for improvement. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted between 1-31 May 2017 among physicians from different specialties. The questions related to HIV infection in their clinical practice, competency, and knowledge about the transmission and preventability of the disease and their attitude towards suspected patients were asked. Results: We included 492 physicians in the study, consisting of PCPs (32%), infectious disease specialists (IDSs) (13%), internal medicine specialists (IMSs) (30%) and surgeons (25%), practicing in 25 different cities in Turkey. When asked about HIV, 98% of IDSs considered it as a chronic disease, with 35% thinking that it is similar to non-communicable disease (Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Lymphoma). HIV was not a curable disease according to 87% of PCPs, and 21% in IDSs. The 70% of PCPs thought that HIV infection could be transmitted with vectors (p<0.001), although they self-rated their knowledge above the average. According to 34% of PCPs, HIV was transmissible through shared utensils (spoon, fork, glass), according to 50% public pools and toilets could be a source for transmission (p<0.001). Upon diagnosis, only 53% of IDSs provided psychological support to patients, and this rate declined to 1% in PCPs (p<0.001). 28% of PCPs had concerns about treating HIV patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: The potential role of PCPs in the follow up of HIV infected patients would be increased. However, there are significant knowledge and attitude gaps related to HIV infection among PCPs in Turkey. By thinking of increasing the role of primary care, training, and education programs should be implemented for PCPs. Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, primary health care, healthcare providers, training programs.

Objective: To evaluate the readability of online patient education materials (PEMs) related to dysphonia.Materials and Methods: Using the Google search engine, the first 50 English-language websites retrieved with the keyword “dysphonia” were screened. After exclusions, 33 websites were analyzed and categorized as general or health professional websites. Readability was assessed using six validated tools: Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Coleman–Liau Index (CLI), and Automated Readability Index (ARI). Statistical comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: The overall scores were: FRE 43.58±15.85, FKGL 12.08±3.29, GFI 14.64±3.42, SMOG 11.12±2.53, CLI 13.88±1.92, and ARI 12.18±3.62. No significant differences were found between general (n=13) and health professional (n=20) websites across all indices (p>0.05).Conclusion: Dysphonia-related PEMs are written at levels exceeding the sixth-grade readability standard recommended for patient education. Efforts to simplify online materials are needed to enhance patient comprehension and engagement.

Septorhinoplasty is commonly followed by edema and ecchymosis, which, although temporary, may reduce patient satisfaction and delay return to daily activities. Pharmacologic and physical methods are used to minimize these sequelae, but evidence for facial exercises is limited. To investigate the effect of face yoga on postoperative edema, ecchymosis, and discoloration after septorhinoplasty. In this prospective controlled study, 70 patients were assigned to either the face yoga group or the control group. The face yoga group (n = 43) performed standardized exercises twice daily for 14 days in addition to routine postoperative care, while the control group (n = 27) received only standard care with cold compresses. Outcomes were assessed on postoperative days 1, 7, and 14 using the Totonchi et al. grading system by four blinded otolaryngologists. Groups showed no significant differences on days 1 and 7. By day 14, however, the face yoga group demonstrated significantly lower edema, ecchymosis, and discoloration scores (p < 0.001 for all). Structured face yoga may accelerate recovery after septorhinoplasty, with benefits most evident after two weeks. As a safe, non-invasive, and cost-free practice, it could serve as an effective adjunct to standard postoperative care. Larger trials are warranted.

Gelişimsel Anatomi Burak ERKMEN Melike Pınar ÜNSAL Pediatrik Otolaringoloji Cerrahisinde Anestezi Uygulamaları Pınar YILDIRIM ÖZKAN Ahu BAYSAL ÇİTİL Dış Kulak Malformasyonları, Konjenital Aural Atrezi ve İç Kulak Malformasyonları Hüseyin ÇUBUK Konjenital İşitme Kayıpları Mahmut Ozan FINDIK Akut Otitis Media Caner AKUFUK Muhammed Semih GEDİK Effüzyonlu Seröz Otit Ahmet Adnan CIRIK Yeşim ESEN YİĞİT Kronik Otitis Media Şeyma AKGÜN BOSTANCI Burun, Paranazal Sinus ve Nazofarenksin Konjenital Anomalileri Semih YAZLA BÖLÜM 9 Pediatrik Alerjik Rinit Fuad SOFUOĞLU Pediatrik Rinosinüzit Birsen ERZİNCAN Pediatrik Farenjit & Tonsillit Döne SAVURAN ORAKCI Pediatrik Obstruktif Uyku Apnesi Sendromu Hasan ÇANAKCI Çocukluk Çağı Boyun Kitlelerine Yaklaşım Ferhat KÜÇÜK Baş ve Boyun Vasküler Anomalileri Yaşar Kemal DUYMAZ Baş ve Boyun Tümörleri Yaşar Kemal DUYMAZ Pediatrik Fasiyal Travmalar Alp YÜCE Pediatrik Tükürük Bezi Hastalıkları Büşra BALCIOĞLU Melike Pınar ÜNSAL Pediatrik Hava Yoluna Yaklaşım Betül AKTAŞ KİPOĞLU Konjenital Larenks ve Trakea Anomalileri Fatih SAVRAN Edinilmiş Laringeal Anomaliler Müslüm AYRAL Yabancı Cisim Aspirasyonu ve Kostik Madde Yaralanmaları Burak ERKMEN Yutma Fizyolojisi ve Aspirasyon Problemleri Ahmet DEVECİ Pediatrik Özofagus Hastalıkları Büşra BALCIOĞLU Melike Pınar ÜNSAL Pediyatrik Baş ve Boyun Hastalıklarında Görüntüleme Elif Dilara TOPCUOĞLU Adenoid Hastalıkları Ahmet Adnan CIRIK Furkan BAYRAM