This study compared the remineralization potential of three commercially available fluoride-free biomimetic formulations containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp), casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and bioactive glass (BAG) with a conventional 1450 ppm fluoride-containing dentifrice using cross-sectional microhardness and SEM analyses. Seventy extracted human mandibular molars were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 14). Artificial carious lesions were created by 72 h of demineralization followed by a 14-day pH-cycling regimen with twice-daily treatment applications. Cross-sectional microhardness was measured at depths of 30, 50, 100, and 150 µm, and SEM was used to evaluate morphological changes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests (Tukey’s HSD or Tamhane’s T2, depending on variance homogeneity) and repeated-measures ANOVA to assess depth-dependent differences among groups (α = 0.05). Demineralization significantly reduced microhardness at all depths (p < 0.05). At 30 µm, the nHAp, CPP-ACP, and fluoride formulations showed similar remineralization, whereas the BAG-containing formulation exhibited lower superficial recovery. At 100–150 µm, the nHAp formulation demonstrated the greatest recovery, followed by the CPP-ACP and BAG formulations, while the fluoride dentifrice showed progressively lower recovery. A significant depth-by-group interaction confirmed distinct depth-dependent remineralization profiles. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all tested formulations promoted enamel remineralization but exhibited different depth-dependent recovery patterns.

The stamp technique is a biomimetic approach that enables accurate reproduction of preoperative occlusal morphology in direct composite restorations; however, the rheological properties of restorative materials may influence both morphological adaptation and wear behavior. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the morphological accuracy of different composite resins applied using the stamp technique and to quantify volumetric changes after toothbrushing simulation using three-dimensional analysis. Sixty standardized mandibular first molar model teeth were assigned to four groups (n = 15): Filtek Z250, Filtek One Bulk Fill, SonicFill 3, and G-ænial Universal Injectable. Digital scans were obtained at baseline, after restoration, and after brushing, and analyzed using OraCheck software to calculate volumetric gain (T0–T1) and volumetric loss (T1–T2). Significant differences were observed among groups for both outcomes (p < 0.001). G-ænial Universal Injectable showed the highest morphological accuracy but also the greatest wear, whereas SonicFill demonstrated lower morphological accuracy with superior wear resistance. No significant correlation was found across all groups; however, within each group, restorations with lower morphological accuracy tended to exhibit greater wear. These findings indicate that morphological accuracy and wear resistance are material-dependent and suggest that achieving a balance between accurate reproduction and long-term preservation of occlusal morphology remains a challenge.