Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a crop with significant economic and medicinal value, but no studies have examined the GATA gene family in S. baicalensis or its expression patterns following foliar spray with nanomaterials. In this study, the GATA gene family in S. baicalensis was identified and analyzed using bioinformatics. The results showed that 25 SbGATAs genes were identified, distributed across seven chromosomes, and could be classified into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. The physicochemical properties of SbGATAs proteins showed differences in the number of amino acids, molecular weight, and isoelectric point, but all were hydrophilic nuclear proteins. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions revealed that the SbGATAs gene promoters were enriched for light, hormone response, and stress response elements. In this study, RT-qPCR was used to investigate the expression patterns of the SbGATAs family members in S. baicalensis leaves sprayed with different concentrations of carbon dot solutions. This study employed the RT-qPCR method to elucidate the expression of members of the SbGATAs family in the leaves of S. baicalensis after different treatments. The results showed that at low concentrations, except for SbGATA6, whose expression was upregulated by 2.1 times, the expressions of the other four genes were all downregulated; at high concentrations—except for SbGATA6, whose expression was upregulated by 3.75 times, and SbGATA14, the expression of which was basically the same as that of the control—the expressions of the other three genes were all downregulated. SbGATA6 was the only gene that was significantly upregulated at both concentrations and whose upregulation ratio increased with the increase in concentration, indicating that it may have a wide response to carbon dot treatment and may be involved in physiological regulation at different concentrations.