A contaminação por metais pesados em vários ambientes é um evento que ganhou importância ao ser estudado em razão dos riscos gerados em geral, aos corpos. E para remediar ou minimizar esses riscos são necessários conhecimentos precisos desses poluentes e seus efeitos nesses ambientes e organismos que podem ser usados como indicadores dessa degradação ambiental. Neste trabalho, propusemos uma revisão da literatura sobre como ocorreu na poluição de metais pesados e os estudos que foram realizados para avaliar as fontes de contaminação em diferentes tipos de ambientes, os fatores que influenciam a absorção desses elementos tóxicos, seus efeitos sobre as plantas. e governando como esses efeitos.

In this work, large-area tandem laminated double-layer luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on blue-emitting and orange-emitting pyrene-derived graphitized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) dispersed in an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix were fabricated and systematically investigated. The optical properties and outdoor photovoltaic performance of the individual LSCs were evaluated and compared with those of the tandem architecture. The orange-emitting LSC exhibited a larger Stokes shift (≈135 nm) than the blue-emitting LSC (≈80 nm), indicating reduced spectral overlap and, consequently, lower self-absorption losses. Outdoor exposure revealed excellent short-term stability for the blue-emitting LSC, whereas the orange-emitting LSC exhibited a progressive decline in photovoltaic performance. The tandem architecture broadened the spectral harvesting range, achieving a maximum optical efficiency of 8.09% and a power conversion efficiency of 0.306% when illuminated from the orange-emitting LSC side. These results highlight tandem integration of spectrally complementary luminescent materials as a promising strategy for broadening solar-spectrum utilization and improving the optical and photovoltaic performance of LSCs, with potential for application in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs).

Improving the efficiency and long-term stability of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) remains a challenge for their practical application in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). In this work, laminated LSCs based on a blue-emitting resin and orange-emitting dispersed in an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix were fabricated and systematically investigated. The optical properties, distance-dependent photon propagation, photovoltaic performance, and short-term outdoor stability of the individual LSCs were evaluated and compared with those of tandem architecture. The orange-emitting LSC exhibited a larger Stokes shift (≈135 nm) than the blue-emitting resin LSC (≈80 nm), indicating reduced spec-tral overlap and lower self-absorption losses. Outdoor exposure demonstrated excellent short-term stability for the blue-emitting resin LSC, whereas the orange-emitting device ex-hibited a progressive decline in photovoltaic performance. The tandem architecture broadened the spectral harvesting range, achieving a maximum optical efficiency of 8.09%, a power conversion efficiency of 0.306%, a short-circuit current density of 0.283 mA cm⁻², an open-circuit voltage of 1.9 V, and a fill factor of 56.7% when illuminated from the or-ange-emitting LSC side. These findings demonstrate that combining spectrally comple-mentary luminophores in tandem architecture is an effective strategy for broadening solar spectrum utilization and enhancing the optical and photovoltaic performance of LSCs for BIPV applications.