This study aims to examine an ecotourism behavioral model using environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, ecotourism behavioral intention, and ecotourism behavior among nature-based tourists. The analysis tested ten hypotheses and integrated the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, value-belief-norm theory, and social identity theory to provide an integrated ecotourism behavioral model for four important Taiwanese nature-based tourism destinations. This integrated framework provides an approach to creating critical insights for nature-based tourism researchers and managers to accurately grasp the factors that influence ecotourism behavior. Managers of nature-based tourism destinations should offer ecotourism programs that focus on ecotourism experiences that increase ecotourism behavioral intentions by increasing levels of perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby enhancing ecotourism behavior at nature-based tourism destinations and assisting in the development of sustainable tourism.

This study examines the relationships between recreation experience, environmental attitude, and the general and site-specific environmentally responsible behavior of tourists at Taomi and Smangus in Taiwan. The first is an agriculturally based community and the second home to one of Taiwan's ethnic minorities. A total of 862 usable questionnaires (432 for Taomi and 430 for Smangus) were collected in this study. The empirical results indicate that recreation experience is positively and significantly related to environmental attitudes among tourists. Environmental attitudes are also positively and significantly related to general and site-specific tourist behaviors and mediate the relationship between recreation experience and environmentally responsible behavior. The paper contributes to the literature by examining the structural linear relationships between recreation experience, environmental attitudes, and environmentally responsible behavior. This study suggests that tourism destination providers should provide pro-environmental activities, ecotourism experiences, and interpretations of environmental issues to enhance tourists' environmental attitude and general and site-specific environmentally responsible behavior, thereby potentially reducing the adverse environmental effect produced by tourists during daily life and at tourism destinations. Reducing the adverse environmental effect of tourism destinations will benefit the development of sustainable community-based tourism.