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Prof. Dr. Tsung Hung Lee
Graduate School of Leisure and Exercise Studies, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Touliu, Taiwan

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0 Ecotourism
0 Sustainable Tourism
0 community-based tourism
0 Environmental behavior
0 Nature-based tourism

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Sustainable Tourism
Nature-based tourism
Ecotourism
community-based tourism
Environmental behavior

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Journal article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Interpretation services provide environmental education at ecotourism destinations. This may prompt tourists’ learning experiences (e.g., reflective engagement), which in turn may promote tourists’ pro-environmental behavior. However, the way that interpretation services and reflective engagement affect ecotourism behavior remains unclear. The present study aimed to develop a theoretical model to assess the ecotourism behavioral framework of wildlife tourists. Using a systematic sampling approach, a total of 1,277 useful responses were obtained and analyzed. Structural equation modeling was analyzed with LISREL 8.80 for Windows, and all parameters were estimated through the maximum likelihood method. The analytical findings illustrated that interpretation services had a positive and significant direct relationship with reflective engagement, which in turn was positively and significantly related to the ecotourism behavioral intentions (including pro-environmental behavior, environmentally friendly behavior, adherence to ecotourism guidelines, site‐specific ecological behavior, and learning behavior) of wildlife tourists. This study confirmed that reflective engagement fully mediated the relationship between interpretation services and ecotourism behavior, extending the stimulus-organism-response theoretical framework to the wildlife tourism context. The managerial implications suggest that wildlife ecotourism programs should improve the quality of their interpretation services to increase reflective engagement, thereby enhancing wildlife ecotourism behavior during wildlife tours and assisting in the sustainable development of wildlife ecotourism.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Jui-Chi Chen. Influence analysis of interpretation services on ecotourism behavior for wildlife tourists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan, Jui-Chi Chen. Influence analysis of interpretation services on ecotourism behavior for wildlife tourists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Jui-Chi Chen. 2021. "Influence analysis of interpretation services on ecotourism behavior for wildlife tourists." Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Ecological Indicators
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Scientific understanding of the sustainability indicators of existing nature-based tourism businesses is limited. This study aims to explore a sustainability indicator framework, evaluate the indicator weights and assess performance using a case of a forest ecological resort through three studies. Study 1 explores sustainability indicators for ecological resorts, study 2 calculates the relative weights of each sustainability indicator, and study 3 evaluates the sustainability performance of a forest ecological resort. The analysis revealed 89 indicators classified into six categories: environmental managements, economic management, socio-cultural management, science and technology, human resource management, and government policy. The weights of each indicator were calculated via the analytic hierarchy process with 21 participants. At the first level, the weight of environmental management (0.362) was higher than the weights of the other dimensions (range: 0.192–0.097). The resort’s performance was assessed in terms of importance and performance. The present study’s findings effectively develop a sustainability indicator framework for assessing sustainable tourism that provides valuable theoretical and managerial references, extends our knowledge of sustainable resort development and significantly contributes to the literature.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Jui-Tu Liu. Developing an indicator framework for assessing sustainable tourism: Evidence from a Taiwan ecological resort. Ecological Indicators 2021, 125, 107596 .

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan, Jui-Tu Liu. Developing an indicator framework for assessing sustainable tourism: Evidence from a Taiwan ecological resort. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 125 ():107596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Jui-Tu Liu. 2021. "Developing an indicator framework for assessing sustainable tourism: Evidence from a Taiwan ecological resort." Ecological Indicators 125, no. : 107596.

Research article
Published: 09 May 2020 in Journal of Travel Research
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The purpose of the present study is to examine a theoretical model using authentic experience, perceived benefit, perceived cost, and support for tourism development among attendees of the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage in Taiwan. Overall, 1,244 usable responses were collected and analyzed. Analytic findings indicated that authentic experience and perceived benefits are precedents of support for tourism development. Perceived benefits significantly mediate the relationship between authentic experience and support for tourism development in both first-time and repeat attendees. The present study concludes that an individual who attends a traditional religious festival has authentic experiences of pilgrimage that create perceived benefits and lead to behavior that supports tourism development. The theoretical and managerial implications presented in this article elucidate an original theoretical framework and valuable insights for promoting support for tourism development, potentially also contributing to the literature.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Yi Hsien Lin. How Authentic Experience Affects Traditional Religious Tourism Development: Evidence from the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage, Taiwan. Journal of Travel Research 2020, 60, 1140 -1157.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan, Yi Hsien Lin. How Authentic Experience Affects Traditional Religious Tourism Development: Evidence from the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage, Taiwan. Journal of Travel Research. 2020; 60 (5):1140-1157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Yi Hsien Lin. 2020. "How Authentic Experience Affects Traditional Religious Tourism Development: Evidence from the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage, Taiwan." Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 5: 1140-1157.

Articles
Published: 18 December 2019 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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This study examines the causal relationship between recreation experience, place attachment, environmental attitudes and environmentally responsible behavior as well as the mediating effects of place attachment and the environmental attitudes of tourists at Alangyi Ancient Trail (AAT) and Fish Road Historic Trail (FRHT) in Taiwan. A total of 1,579 usable questionnaires (563 for AAT and 1,016 for FRHT) were collected. The results showed that place attachment had a greater mediation effect than environmental attitudes between recreation experience and environmentally responsible behavior at both study sites. Recreation experience directly, positively and significantly affected both environmental attitudes and place attachment and indirectly affected environmentally responsible behavior. By attempting to develop an original ERB theoretical framework, this study expands our ERB knowledge and provides valuable managerial implications for managers of ancient trails and other nature-based tourism areas to enhance visitors’ ERB, assisting in sustainable ancient trail tourism.

ACS Style

Yi Hsien Lin; Tsung Hung Lee. How do recreation experiences affect visitors’ environmentally responsible behavior? Evidence from recreationists visiting ancient trails in Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2019, 28, 705 -726.

AMA Style

Yi Hsien Lin, Tsung Hung Lee. How do recreation experiences affect visitors’ environmentally responsible behavior? Evidence from recreationists visiting ancient trails in Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2019; 28 (5):705-726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Hsien Lin; Tsung Hung Lee. 2019. "How do recreation experiences affect visitors’ environmentally responsible behavior? Evidence from recreationists visiting ancient trails in Taiwan." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28, no. 5: 705-726.

Earlycite article
Published: 06 November 2019 in British Food Journal
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between trust factors and buying behavior among consumers in the organic food market in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The researchers developed a questionnaire using latent variables including the trust factors, utilitarian attitudes, hedonic attitudes, buying behavior and demographic information of consumers of organic foods. Confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modeling were conducted using LISREL 8.80 for Windows. Findings The empirical results indicated that health content, locally produced products, organic food labels and price premiums positively and significantly affected utilitarian and hedonic attitudes. Both utilitarian attitudes and hedonic attitudes positively and significantly affected respondents’ buying behavior. A series of theoretical implications were identified. Practical implications The researchers concluded that providing consumers with practical information related to organic food, establishing local production facilities, developing content, standardizing labeling procedures and promoting a new organic certification system for small-scale producers will encourage more consumers to purchase organic food. Originality/value This study first examines the food trust buying behavior of organic foods and related consumption behavior theory questions. It mainly takes the stimulus–organism–response model as the foundation of its approach. Simultaneously, it also conforms to utilitarian behavior theory, and the process by which consumers become better aware of organic foods’ quality.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Yin Yuan Chen. Trust factors for organic foods: consumer buying behavior. British Food Journal 2019, 122, 414 -431.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Chung-Jen Fu, Yin Yuan Chen. Trust factors for organic foods: consumer buying behavior. British Food Journal. 2019; 122 (2):414-431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Yin Yuan Chen. 2019. "Trust factors for organic foods: consumer buying behavior." British Food Journal 122, no. 2: 414-431.

Articles
Published: 16 September 2019 in Journal of Convention & Event Tourism
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This study aims to develop a structural model to examine the relationships among servicescape, service experience, and loyalty for attendees of the Taipei International Travel Fair. The analytical results indicated that the servicescape (e.g., ambient conditions, spatial layout and signs, and functionality of equipment) positively affected attendees’ service experience and that the service experience positively affected attendees’ loyalty. This study provides insightful implications for academic research and the practical application of exhibitions; thus, it significantly expands our understanding of an attendee behavioral model of exhibitions, which has typically been ignored in previous studies.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Li-Fen Tsai. How servicescape and service experience affect loyalty: evidence from attendees at the Taipei International Travel Fair. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism 2019, 20, 398 -420.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Chung-Jen Fu, Li-Fen Tsai. How servicescape and service experience affect loyalty: evidence from attendees at the Taipei International Travel Fair. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism. 2019; 20 (5):398-420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Li-Fen Tsai. 2019. "How servicescape and service experience affect loyalty: evidence from attendees at the Taipei International Travel Fair." Journal of Convention & Event Tourism 20, no. 5: 398-420.

Research article
Published: 11 April 2019 in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
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This study first conceptualized and developed a reliable and valid scale to assess low-carbon tourism experience (LCTE) from the perspective of nature-based tourists. In Stage 1, a 66-item scale was developed using a series of qualitative methods. In Stage 2, 662 usable questionnaires were collected; in turn, confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop a 40-item reliable and valid scale consisting of seven constructs: sensory experience, affective experience, learning experience, sociocultural experience, behavioral experience, escapism experience, and prestige experience. In Stage 3, the cross-validation of this 40-item scale was verified by demonstrating moderate replication of the data using 466 and 523 respondents from forest- and wetland-based destinations, respectively. The application of this LCTE scale may provide guidance to tourists and managers alike for reducing the carbon emissions caused by tourism activities, thereby potentially contributing to sustainable tourism development. This study extends the theoretical LCTE framework into the operational realm of tourism management by rendering LCTE perceptible and assessable, which represents a significant contribution to the sustainable tourism literature.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2019, 43, 890 -918.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2019; 43 (6):890-918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2019. "The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 6: 890-918.

Research article
Published: 07 March 2019 in International Journal of Tourism Research
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This study attempts to identify the profiles of community‐based tourists based on their environmentally responsible behaviors (ERBs) and discusses marketing and managerial strategies for sustainable community‐based tourism (CBT). The findings reveal that tourists can be categorized into four segments based on their ERBs: low‐ERB tourists, high‐ERB tourists, civil action and sustainable tourists, and multi‐ERB tourists. The implications of this paper can be helpful for elucidating tourists' implementation of ERBs and providing different managerial strategies for CBT. The study's findings contribute to the literature by shedding light on previously proposed but unexamined differences in tourists' ERBs in different stages of CBT.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. Market segmentation based on the environmentally responsible behaviors of community‐based tourists: Evidence from Taiwan's community‐based destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research 2019, 21, 400 -411.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. Market segmentation based on the environmentally responsible behaviors of community‐based tourists: Evidence from Taiwan's community‐based destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2019; 21 (3):400-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2019. "Market segmentation based on the environmentally responsible behaviors of community‐based tourists: Evidence from Taiwan's community‐based destinations." International Journal of Tourism Research 21, no. 3: 400-411.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2018 in Tourism Management
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In this paper, the research gaps in sustainable tourism development were addressed by examining residents' perceptions of the sustainability of community-based tourism based on tourism area life cycle theory. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the residents of six Taiwanese communities, and it was designed to determine the residents' perceptions of the economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and life satisfaction sustainability of tourism. In total, 849 usable questionnaires were collected. The analytical results further elucidated the sustainability of nature-based tourism and suggested that the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability varied significantly in the consolidation, development, and involvement stages of community-based tourism development. The four dimensions of sustainability were evaluated according to the pre- and post-development perceptions of tourism sustainability, and significantly different results were obtained. The study concludes that the residents’ perceptions differed across the developmental stages; thus, managers should consider the development opportunities and adopt appropriate strategies across different development stages.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism Management 2018, 70, 368 -380.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism Management. 2018; 70 ():368-380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2018. "Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability." Tourism Management 70, no. : 368-380.

Articles
Published: 12 June 2018 in Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
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This study explores the reasons why an exhibitor participates in a travel exhibition and assesses this marketing strategy. A total of 15 representative exhibitors who participated in the Taipei International Travel Fair were interviewed between January and July 2016. The results of the analysis indicated that exhibitors’ selection of a travel exhibition was based on the exhibition’s performance and condition. The primary purposes for participating in a travel exhibition were to enhance the firm’s reputation and sales. The exhibitors’ marketing strategies primarily involved on-site promotional activity and relevant five-sense experiences. An assessment of exhibitors’ participation factors and marketing strategies can both help firms implement their goals and enable organizers to create sustainable exhibitions. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing both theoretical and managerial implications for the travel fair, service, and tourism industries.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Li-Fen Tsai. Why does a firm participate in a travel exhibition? A case study of the Taipei International Travel Fair. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 2018, 23, 677 -690.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Chung-Jen Fu, Li-Fen Tsai. Why does a firm participate in a travel exhibition? A case study of the Taipei International Travel Fair. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 2018; 23 (7):677-690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Li-Fen Tsai. 2018. "Why does a firm participate in a travel exhibition? A case study of the Taipei International Travel Fair." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 23, no. 7: 677-690.

Article
Published: 22 December 2017 in International Journal of Tourism Research
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This study conceptualizes ecotourism behavior as a multidimensional construct and develops a framework that offers a reliable and valid scale to assess ecotourism behavior; the framework is based on an empirical survey using 3 studies. In Study 1, measurement items are established and refined using a literature review, content analysis, and the fuzzy Delphi method. In Study 2, a research instrument is developed, and its reliability and validity are tested. In Study 3, cross-validation of this research instrument is employed to assess ecotourism behavior using two populations of ecotourists. A reliable and valid 30-item scale with a seven-construct model is developed based on Taiwan's forests and wetlands as ecotourism destinations. This research instrument provides researchers with an invaluable instrument to accurately measure ecotourism behavior and offers a theoretical framework for researchers, decision makers, managers, and tourists in the field of ecotourism; thus, it makes a significant contribution to the literature.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. Development and validation of the ecotourism behavior scale. International Journal of Tourism Research 2017, 20, 191 -203.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. Development and validation of the ecotourism behavior scale. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2017; 20 (2):191-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2017. "Development and validation of the ecotourism behavior scale." International Journal of Tourism Research 20, no. 2: 191-203.

Original articles
Published: 17 August 2017 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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This study expands the profile characteristics of island-based tourists by assessing recreation experiences. In so doing, it aims to elucidate the market segmentation of island-based tourists by assessing the recreation experiences of tourists at Liuqiu Island in Taiwan. A total of 481 useable questionnaires were obtained and analyzed. The analytical results indicate that tourists can be segmented into four clusters according to their recreation experiences: multi-experience recreationists, aestheticists, hedonists and knowledge seekers. These four different tourist segments performed significantly differently in terms of environmentally responsible behavior (ERB). The market segmentation introduced in this study can be helpful for elucidating tourist experiences and ERB implementation. Understanding tourism experience preferences will help managers develop marketing strategies and design tourism products to meet tourists’ needs. This study's findings could be used to provide different strategies for different segments of tourists. To help manage natural resources, managers should design their environmental programs to encourage different segments of tourists to participate in ERBs. We provide valuable managerial implications for the sustainable development of island-based tourism.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Chang Hao Tseng; Yang Fan Lin. Segmentation by recreation experience in island-based tourism: a case study of Taiwan's Liuqiu Island. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2017, 26, 362 -378.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan, Chang Hao Tseng, Yang Fan Lin. Segmentation by recreation experience in island-based tourism: a case study of Taiwan's Liuqiu Island. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2017; 26 (3):362-378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Chang Hao Tseng; Yang Fan Lin. 2017. "Segmentation by recreation experience in island-based tourism: a case study of Taiwan's Liuqiu Island." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26, no. 3: 362-378.

Research article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Journal of Travel Research
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This study aims to examine an ecotourism behavioral model using environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, ecotourism behavioral intention, and ecotourism behavior among nature-based tourists. The analysis tested ten hypotheses and integrated the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, value-belief-norm theory, and social identity theory to provide an integrated ecotourism behavioral model for four important Taiwanese nature-based tourism destinations. This integrated framework provides an approach to creating critical insights for nature-based tourism researchers and managers to accurately grasp the factors that influence ecotourism behavior. Managers of nature-based tourism destinations should offer ecotourism programs that focus on ecotourism experiences that increase ecotourism behavioral intentions by increasing levels of perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby enhancing ecotourism behavior at nature-based tourism destinations and assisting in the development of sustainable tourism.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework. Journal of Travel Research 2017, 57, 792 -810.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework. Journal of Travel Research. 2017; 57 (6):792-810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2017. "Ecotourism Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists: An Integrative Framework." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 6: 792-810.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Ecological Indicators
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This study aims to identify indicators for sustainable wetland tourism. In study 1, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to determine key dimensions and indicators. In study 2, the relative weights of these dimensions and indicators were examined using the analytic hierarchy process. The empirical results revealed 141 indicators in the hierarchy for sustainable wetland tourism. At the first level, the weight of the stakeholder dimension was greater than that of the environment dimension. At the second level, the impact on community development was the most important factor within the stakeholder dimension. Among the identified indicators, the top 7.8% were respect for local traditional culture, respect for local lifestyle, compliance with destination guidelines, traffic problems, destruction of the natural environment, existence of crowds at the destination, participation in cultural activities, understanding the culture, assimilation into the local culture, overall effect of tourism, benefit–cost differential, and reduction of environmental impact. A series of management implications are drawn, including the need to use this information to foster stakeholder involvement and collaboration, to focus on planning for sustainable tourism development in general, and to use these indicators for the management of wetland-based sustainable tourism development.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Hsin-Pei Hsieh. Indicators of sustainable tourism: A case study from a Taiwan's wetland. Ecological Indicators 2016, 67, 779 -787.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Hsin-Pei Hsieh. Indicators of sustainable tourism: A case study from a Taiwan's wetland. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 67 ():779-787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Hsin-Pei Hsieh. 2016. "Indicators of sustainable tourism: A case study from a Taiwan's wetland." Ecological Indicators 67, no. : 779-787.

Original papers
Published: 30 May 2016 in Leisure Studies
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Despite an increase in the number of studies on aboriginal festivals, little empirical research has examined how the organisers of these festivals influence visitors’ sense of festival identity by promoting identifiable factors in their promotional materials. This study thus examines the relationship between the festivalscape, emotional and authenticity experiences, and festival identity among the attendees of two major aboriginal festivals held in July and December in Taiwan. A total of 901 usable questionnaires were collected. Our empirical results suggest that programme planning and the facilities of the festivalscapes positively and significantly affect the emotional experience at both festivals. Furthermore, the emotional experience and the authenticity experience positively and significantly affect festival identity at both festivals. Our findings contribute to efforts to understand the behaviour of festival attendees. Managerial implications and future research directions for aboriginal festival tourism are presented.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Pei-Shiang Chang. Examining the relationships among festivalscape, experiences, and identity: evidence from two Taiwanese aboriginal festivals. Leisure Studies 2016, 36, 453 -467.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Pei-Shiang Chang. Examining the relationships among festivalscape, experiences, and identity: evidence from two Taiwanese aboriginal festivals. Leisure Studies. 2016; 36 (4):453-467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Pei-Shiang Chang. 2016. "Examining the relationships among festivalscape, experiences, and identity: evidence from two Taiwanese aboriginal festivals." Leisure Studies 36, no. 4: 453-467.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2015 in Journal of Heritage Tourism
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ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Pei-Shiang Chang; Ya-Wun Luo. Elucidating the relationships among destination images, recreation experience, and authenticity of the Shengxing Heritage Recreation Area in Taiwan. Journal of Heritage Tourism 2015, 11, 349 -363.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Pei-Shiang Chang, Ya-Wun Luo. Elucidating the relationships among destination images, recreation experience, and authenticity of the Shengxing Heritage Recreation Area in Taiwan. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 2015; 11 (4):349-363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Pei-Shiang Chang; Ya-Wun Luo. 2015. "Elucidating the relationships among destination images, recreation experience, and authenticity of the Shengxing Heritage Recreation Area in Taiwan." Journal of Heritage Tourism 11, no. 4: 349-363.

Review
Published: 04 April 2015 in Environmental Management
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The scientific understanding of the recreation experience and the environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists is limited. This study examines the relationship among the recreation experience, environmental attitude, biospheric value, and the general and site-specific environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists in Taomi, Liuqiu Island, and Aowanda and Najenshan in Taiwan. A total of 1342 usable questionnaires were collected for this study. The empirical results indicate that the recreation experience influences biospheric value and environmental attitude; subsequently, it then indirectly influences the general and site-specific environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists. Our theoretical behavioral model elucidates previously proposed but unexamined behavioral models among nature-based tourists, and it offers a theoretical framework for researchers, decision makers, managers, and tourists in the field of nature-based tourism. We conclude that when an individual participates in nature-based tourism as described here, these recreation experiences strengthen their environmental attitude and biospheric value, and consequently increase their engagement in both general and site-specific environmentally responsible behaviors.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. The Effects of Recreation Experience, Environmental Attitude, and Biospheric Value on the Environmentally Responsible Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists. Environmental Management 2015, 56, 193 -208.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan. The Effects of Recreation Experience, Environmental Attitude, and Biospheric Value on the Environmentally Responsible Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists. Environmental Management. 2015; 56 (1):193-208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan. 2015. "The Effects of Recreation Experience, Environmental Attitude, and Biospheric Value on the Environmentally Responsible Behavior of Nature-Based Tourists." Environmental Management 56, no. 1: 193-208.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2015 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Guan Wei Huang. The influence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior: the case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2015, 23, 947 -967.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Fen-Hauh Jan, Guan Wei Huang. The influence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior: the case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2015; 23 (6):947-967.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Fen-Hauh Jan; Guan Wei Huang. 2015. "The influence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior: the case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23, no. 6: 947-967.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2015 in Tourism Geographies
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ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chang Hao Tseng. How personality and risk-taking attitude affect the behavior of adventure recreationists. Tourism Geographies 2015, 17, 307 -331.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Chang Hao Tseng. How personality and risk-taking attitude affect the behavior of adventure recreationists. Tourism Geographies. 2015; 17 (3):307-331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chang Hao Tseng. 2015. "How personality and risk-taking attitude affect the behavior of adventure recreationists." Tourism Geographies 17, no. 3: 307-331.

Articles
Published: 30 January 2015 in Tourism Geographies
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This study examines the relationships among emotional experience, authenticity experience, festival identity, and support for tourism development among attendees at two well-known traditional religious festivals in Taiwan. Our theoretical models suggest that authenticity experience directly affects attendees’ festival identity and indirectly affects attendees’ support for the tourism development of the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage festival and the Neimen Songjiang Battle Array festival. Moreover, attendees’ emotional experience positively, significantly, and directly affects their festival identity and indirectly affects their support for the tourism development of the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage festival. The theoretical framework of this study provides insightful suggestions about festival implications that are valuable to researchers and practitioners in the field of festival tourism and extends our understanding of traditional religious festivals attendees’ support for tourism development. This study sheds light on previously proposed but unexamined behavioural models as applied to the attendees of traditional religious festivals and thus contributes significantly to the literature on festival tourism and attendees’ behaviour at festivals. We conclude that when people participate in traditional religious festivals such as the ones under consideration, they gain authentic experiences, which strengthens their sense of traditional religious festival identity and place attachment; as a result, they are more likely to support tourism development.

ACS Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Pei-Shiang Chang. The support of attendees for tourism development: evidence from religious festivals, Taiwan. Tourism Geographies 2015, 17, 223 -243.

AMA Style

Tsung Hung Lee, Chung-Jen Fu, Pei-Shiang Chang. The support of attendees for tourism development: evidence from religious festivals, Taiwan. Tourism Geographies. 2015; 17 (2):223-243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsung Hung Lee; Chung-Jen Fu; Pei-Shiang Chang. 2015. "The support of attendees for tourism development: evidence from religious festivals, Taiwan." Tourism Geographies 17, no. 2: 223-243.