Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the multifaceted field of deep thermomodernization of the 11-storey hotel building located in Bialystok, with an emphasis on unraveling the complex interaction between energy efficiency and economic considerations. Design/methodology/approach: Today, there are several methods used to gauge the most effective ways of cutting energy demand, including Simply Pay Back Time (SPBT), Pay Back Time (PBT), Net Present Value (NPV), Net Present Value Ratio (NPVR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Dynamic Pay Back Time (DPBT). In Poland, studies mostly based on SPBT due to its precision and accuracy, which offers clearer and more reliable outcomes compared to other methods. However, combining multiple methods can enhance result clarity and reliability even further. During examination, we initially used SPBT to assess the impacts of energy- saving measures, resulting in clear and dependable insights into efficiency improvements. Findings: Total energy gain after deep thermomodernization is 42%. It shows that after the implementation of deep thermomodernization, annual heating expenditures were reduced by almost half (by 41%). The simple payback time (SPBT) for individual thermal modernization projects ranged from 4,32 years for external walls to 15,41 years for external doors and 13.74 years for ventilated flat roof and 10,34 for windows. Practical implications: Our research efforts have made our building more durable and valuable. Additionally, we have economized our building by minimizing energy consumption and reducing annual heating costs as much as possible. Social implications: Deep thermomodernization can reduce energy costs, increase environmental awareness, and improve quality of life by increasing society's energy efficiency. This can reinforce a sense of social responsibility and shape environmental policies. Change can be achieved in the industry by encouraging it through public policy. Originality/value: Research has shown that as technology advances, it should also be reflected in the construction sector. Instead of demolishing old buildings and rebuilding, which is costly and environmentally unfriendly, deep thermomodernization offers a more economical and eco- friendly solution for renovation. Calculations and comparisons have pointed to its effectiveness. Keywords: Energy savings, investment costs, economic analysis. Category of the paper: Research paper.

Rapid population growth is increasing housing demand and built-environment expansion in Egypt, while practical decarbonization remains constrained by limited supplementary cementitious materials, limited structural timber resources, code restrictions on cement reduction, high cooling demand, and strong project cost sensitivity. This study evaluates two Egyptian multi-unit residential case studies, one affordable and one middle-class, using an integrated BIM-based digital twin framework linking quantity take-off, finite-element reassessment, operational-energy simulation, embodied-carbon quantification, life-cycle assessment, and Pareto-front interpretation. Results show that reinforcement, concrete, and non-structural wall core layers account for about 80% of embodied carbon, while cooling accounts for about 71% to 74% of operational emissions. Non-structural cement use, mainly mortars and finishes, accounts for 36% of total cement demand, equivalent to about 161 and 229 tons in the affordable and middle-class projects, respectively. Relative to the fired-clay-brick baseline, FGC-480 reduced embodied carbon by 32.48% and 35.22%, while AAC-350 reduced it by 29.09% and 32.48%, respectively. Over a 60-year service life, the leading alternatives reduced operational carbon by 15.7% to 16.5% and total life-cycle carbon by 17.4% to 17.5%. Pareto-front analysis identified the same three non-dominated alternatives in both case studies: FGC-480, AAC-350, and CLC-600. FGC-480 was the carbon-optimal solution, while AAC-350 was the strongest practical near-term option. Financial savings reached 10.9% to 12.2% of total project cost. These findings define a practical pathway for reducing embodied and operational carbon in Egyptian residential buildings without increasing total project cost.

Monografia Aspekty ekonomiczne zarządzania firmą odzieżową stanowi kompendium wiedzy na temat światowego, europejskiego oraz polskiego przemysłu odzieżowego. Jest to oryginalny materiał zawierający analizy oraz zestawienia informacji dotyczące potencjału, historii i oceny firm odzieżowych. Obserwacje poparto doskonale udokumentowanym i umiejętnie zaprezentowanym materiałem badawczym z wykorzystaniem programu SPSS IBM IMAGO PRO. Analiza ukierunkowana jest nie tylko na wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe poszczególnych firm, ale dotyczy również szeroko rozumianego zarządzania w branży mody. Prezentowane wyniki i treść poszczególnych rozdziałów mieści się w dziedzinie nauk ekonomiczno-społecznych, a zastosowane metody statystyczne pozwalają na uogólnianie wiedzy na populację generalną polskich przedsiębiorstw odzieżowych i ocenę potencjału całej branży. Duży nacisk położony został na aspekty ekonomiczne oraz problematykę jakości wyrobów i usług. Dużo uwagi poświęcono zagadnieniu spełniania wymagań Unii Europejskiej przez firmy odzieżowe. Przemysł odzieżowy opisany jest w aspektach sytuacji makroekonomicznej, potencjału i zmian związanych z asortymentem oraz wolumenem produkcji, preferencjami zakupowymi klientów firm odzieżowych, działalnością innowacyjną, a także różnymi sposobami podejścia do zarządzania.

Rapid population growth is increasing housing demand and accelerating the expansion of the built environment in Egypt. However, practical and sustainable residential building decarbonization remains constrained by limited supplies of supplementary cementitious materials, limited structural timber resources, code restrictions on cement reduction, and cost sensitivity. This study evaluates two Egyptian multi-unit residential case studies—one affordable housing project and one middle-class housing project—to assess whether wall-system substitution can reduce both embodied and operational carbon under local material, code, and cost constraints. An integrated BIM-based digital twin workflow was used to link quantity takeoff, finite-element structural assessment, and whole-building energy simulation. An architectural BIM model was used for material quantification, wall-system definition, and energy-model inputs. A structural model was used to assess the effects of reducing wall density on reinforcement and concrete demand under gravity and seismic load combinations. Operational performance was assessed through cooling-focused energy simulations under hot-arid climatic conditions representative of Egypt’s new desert cities. Alternative wall systems were then evaluated through scenario- based material substitution and revised structural and energy assessments. The results show that reinforcement, concrete, and wall- core materials account for about 80% of total embodied carbon, while cooling accounts for about 72% of operational emissions. Non-structural cement uses, mainly mortars and finishes, account for 36% of total cement demand, ranging from 161 to 229 tons per building across the two case studies. Replacing conventional partition walls with lightweight, energy-efficient alternatives reduced embodied carbon by up to 35.2%, operational carbon by about 15.7% to 16.5%, and total life-cycle carbon by about 17.4% to 17.5% over a 60- year service life. The average savings per building corresponded to avoiding about 30 tons of steel, 165 m³ of ready-mix concrete, and 191 m³ of mortar, with net cost savings of about 3.15 million EGP per building. These results identify a practical pathway toward more sustainable, lower-carbon Egyptian residential buildings without increasing project cost.