This article aims to show the possible savings in electricity costs in smart building installations with the use of new version of Raspberry Pi 3 model B + as the control unit in intelligent building automation systems. It presents a comparison of the consumption of electricity in two units used in the central control systems, i.e. a small Windows-based computer and a Raspberry microcomputer. The power consumption of these units was measured during the rest period and during standard operations in the intelligent installation system. The conducted measurements proved that the use of the new updated version of Raspberry Pi 3 model B + as the central control unit in intelligent building management systems is more economical and energy-saving.

The aim of the article is to identify critical processes in the context of the implementation of returnable packaging in e-commerce and potential risk factors of disruptions in the use of ecological reusable packaging in e-commerce logistics services provided by Arvato Poland Sp. z o.o. they are based in Warsaw. The study is in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal and the circular economy. The applied research methods and techniques included: elementary analysis, desk research analysis, in-depth face-to-face interviews, causal analysis and selected methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The empirical study was carried out in 2021 in two locations of Arvato Poland Sp. z o.o. A review of the literature on the subject indicates that the use of ecological returnable pack-aging in e-commerce logistics is one of the available solutions with great potential to strengthen the sustainable development of the fashion industry. However, the conducted research revealed a high complexity of problems, mainly in the process of accepting, packing, shipping and returning the packaging, which was considered critical for handling e-commerce orders. An in-depth analysis using the Ishikawa diagram identified the causes of potential risk factors for disruptions in the use of reusable eco-packaging in the e-commerce market. It was indicated that improving the process of its implementation should focus on removing factors that make up the identified main categories of their causes. The conclusions of the study can have practical applications to improve the functioning of cost-effective and environmentally friendly e-commerce logistics. The system approach used by the authors in the study of returnable unit packaging in the sustainable development of closed-loop e-commerce contributes to the reduction of the research gap in this thematic area. The issue of ecological reusable packaging is in the initial phase of cognitive research and pilot tests.

Powstała w ramach inicjatywy EKOEkSoc książka W poszukiwaniu zielonego ładu jest efektem pracy autorów związanych zawodowo z Wydziałem Ekonomiczno-Socjologicznym Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, którzy w swej aktywności badawczej i dydaktycznej podejmują zagadnienia związane z problemami wyrastającymi na styku systemów społeczno-gospodarczych i środowiska przyrodniczego. Jak zazieleniać zarządzanie zasobami czynników produkcji? Jak koegzystować z innymi gatunkami? Dlaczego warto poznawać ekologiczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania miast, sektorów gospodarczych, przedsiębiorstw i gospodarstw domowych? Do czego mogą się przydać zielone podatki? Jak policzyć ślad węglowy i finansować proekologiczne rozwiązania? Czy wzrost PKB zawsze jest miarą sukcesu, a zwrot w kierunku zielonej gospodarki będzie inkluzywny? To przykładowe pytania, które postawiliśmy w publikacji. Znalezienie odpowiedzi wymagało wyjścia poza utarte schematy myślenia, o których już wiemy, że zbyt często prowadzą do praktyk destrukcyjnych nie tylko wobec przyrody, lecz także nas samych. Zapraszamy do lektury i aktywnego poszukiwania sposobów bar­ dziej harmonijnego układania relacji z naturą.

The article aims to present consumer behaviour in the process of purchasing goods and services in online stores in the Polish market. The impact of selected factors determining or discouraging online shopping, as well as influencing the choice of an online store by young consumers representing the "Z" generation, was examined. 100 respondents took part in the pilot study, and women constituted nearly 70% of the surveyed population. Depending on the needs of customers, various factors determine whether they will make purchases online or convince them to choose an online store. Additionally, through the prism of various concerns and their own experiences, they assess factors discouraging online shopping. The results of the analysis can be used in practice when planning an advertising campaign by introducing coordinated and organised activities using one or several different related media. The publication also discusses the impact of online advertising on consumer behaviour in e-commerce, combining an interdisciplinary approach in the areas of management and quality sciences with economics and finance. The study was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022.

In practice, it is usually assumed that the durability of basic structural elements should not be less than the expected durability of the building. Reinforced concrete constructions, designed and made with quality requirements, are durable. However, each reinforced concrete structure, from the moment it is made, is gradually degraded, and one of the reasons for its destruction is often the corrosion of the concrete and hence the reinforcement. For the long-term use of reinforced concrete constructions, the most important thing is that a thin protective layer on the steel surface protects the reinforcing steel from rusting. One of the most common causes of corrosion in the reinforcement is the damage of this layer as a result of the carbonation of the concrete cover. The rate of carbonation depends on many factors, such as concrete compactness, concentration of CO₂, concrete moisture, content of free calcium dioxide, content of mineral additives, etc. When the carbonated layer reaches the steel reinforcement layer, protection of steel from corrosion ceases to exist. The aim of the presented research was to determine the influence of mineral additives used as a compound of concrete on the carbonation of concrete and polymer-cement composites.