The harnessing of solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy sources has rendered them easily accessible renewable resources, owing to their abundant availability. There is a growing body of research evincing interest in the deployment of hybrid renewable energy systems. Over recent decades, adopting hybrid technologies has engendered a positive trend, marked by broader considerations of configurations and applications within these systems. This study analytically examines the potential of hybrid solar and wind energy harvesting devices. As such, the project aims to extensively evaluate relevant literature and statistical analysis of data extracted from journal papers published between 2004 and 2023. A specific objective is to develop a complete database matrix surrounding multiple categories, including component configurations, methodological approaches, and supporting software infrastructures. Moreover, an assessment of the socio-economic, environmental, and ecological impacts of these systems is undertaken to ascertain their salience. Furthermore, this inquiry delves into the optimization strategies of these systems leveraging artificial intelligence methodologies. Critical lacunae identified during this review pertain to more emphasis on optimization metrics for PV-wind hybrid energy systems, impeding a holistic understanding of their implications on energy, economics, environment, and society. Our findings underscore prevalent methodologies such as computational modelling utilizing software suites like MATLAB/Simulink, HOMER, and others to derive empirical data. Additionally, parametric analyses emerge as the predominant approach, characterized by the application of algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Genetic Algorithms (GA), among others. PV-wind hybrid energy systems are classified into autonomous and grid-interconnected configurations, with primary components comprising PV-wind generators. The anticipated trajectory suggests a burgeoning development of these hybrid energy harvesting systems, underpinned by their potential as clean, sustainable, and eco-friendly energy sources.

These days, the Internet of things (commonly abbreviated as IoT) has been applied in various industrial sectors such as manufacturing, health, restaurant, electricity generation, transmission, and distribution, etc. Therefore, IoT learning materials need to be included in the learning process both at the college and high school level. The most common obstacle is the lack of learning media about IoT. This paper reports on the process of developing an IoT laboratory work (lab work) learning media based on the Arduino UNO and NodeMCU microcontroller. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the results of the feasibility test on learning media. The stages of the research are need assessment, planning, development and implementation, and also evaluation. Outcomes of this development process are the Arduino and NodeMCU-based IoT lab work modules, short manuals and lab sheets. Product testing with student respondents shows that the Arduino and NodeMCU-based IoT lab work modules, manuals and lab sheets are considered to be very feasible for use in learning. The test results show students considered this module can increase learning interest and make it easier for them to understand IoT learning materials.

The purposes of this study are: (1) to produce smart building training kit products, and (2) to find out the feasibility of the smart building trainer kit as a learning medium for Electrical Lighting Installation Practices in Vocational High Schools (VHS). This research employed the research and development (R D) with the ADDIE model based on Branch (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). The techniques to collect the data included interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The research results show that (1) smart building trainer kit has been produced as a learning tool for Electric Lighting Installation Practices at VHSs with the dimensions of 96 cm in length, 67 cm in height, 25 cm in width at the bottom, and 13 cm at the top; and (2) the developed product was declared very feasible by material experts (95.83%), very feasible by media experts (89.06%), and appropriate by VHS students (80.8%).

The accelerating demand for sustainable energy solutions in urban environments has prompted the application of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems in electric vehicles (EVs). This study assessed the impact of BIPV-EV systems in Surabaya, Indonesia, forecasting its energy production, environmental advantages, and economic viability between 2026 and 2036. Simulations conducted using HOMER Pro and photovoltaic system (PVsyst) suggested that the rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) capacity will increase from 4.6 GW in 2026 to 6.0 GW by 2036, while facade photovoltaic (FaPV) capacity is projected to grow from 1.6 GW to 2.0 GW. The combined generation of RPV and FaPV is anticipated to reach 9.71 GWh annually by 2036, ultimately reducing grid dependency to 36.6%. Additionally, carbon emissions from the BIPV-EV systems are expected to decrease from 616 tons per year in a grid-based scenario to 520 tons annually, hence reducing carbon intensity to 0.05 kg CO₂/kWh. Although the initial investment is projected at USD 3.2 billion and USD 4.8 billion in 2026 and 2036, respectively, the implementation of BIPV-EV systems is advantageous owing to significant savings on energy costs in the long run and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. These findings underscored the potential of BIPV in advancing urban sustainability and accomplishing the objectives of energy transition in Indonesia.

Battery or accumulator is a general electrical energy storage media. The main disadvantage of the battery is the long duration during charging process, short lifetime and less environment friendly. This is one of the obstacles in the development of electric vehicles. Recently, it has been found an electrical energy storage media that uses capacitor technology. The basic principle of capacitors is similar to a battery, which can store electrical charges. The charging process of capacitor is relatively faster than battery, but the discharging process is also very fast. The advantages of capacitor are not using chemical process, cheap maintenance and longer lifetime than battery. Therefore, the researcher developed supercapacitor. The supercapacitor has bigger and larger capacity than common capacitor. This study aims to find out the performance of some types of supercapacitor circuits during the charging and discharging process.

Energy sustainability is crucial for mitigating climate change and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This research evaluates a hybrid renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) technology and wind turbines to meet the electricity demand of Wahid Hasyim University's Faculty of Engineering, totalling 555,000 VA. Using HOMER Pro software, the study identifies the optimal configuration based on technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The hybrid system integrating PV, wind turbines, batteries, and converters achieves the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) of $214,877 and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.0185/kWh, outperforming grid-only systems. Environmentally, the system significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, from 559,226 kg/yr in conventional systems to 62,452 kg/yr. Solar energy contributes 56% of electricity generation, leveraging stable solar radiation of 4.28–5.54 kWh/m²/day. Additionally, an annual surplus of 156,350 kWh can be sold back to the grid, enhancing operational efficiency. This study demonstrates that hybrid renewable energy systems deliver long-term cost efficiency and significantly mitigate climate impacts. It provides a sustainable energy model for campuses in Indonesia and worldwide, particularly in regions with abundant solar resources.