Sun energy is a considered to be one of most promising source to address the world energy crises. Photovoltaic cell is one of the prominent sources of energy. The most important factors that affect the efficiency of solar cells are cell temperature, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and energy conversion efficiency. The optimization of these factors improves solar cells efficiency for more reliable applications. This study associated by means of the designing and manufacturing process of single axis tracker device by using photo voltaic conversion panels. This solar tracker system assures the conversion optimization of electricity from the source of sun energy by proper using of orientated photovoltaic panel in a manner conforming to the actual direction of sun. Experimental system based on the function of DC motor, which is controlled by dedicated drive astutely so as to move the PV panel in accordance with the signals be given as of effective light sensors. It has been found that at the same sunny day the energy output of solar panel with tracking system was 1742.88Wh and with non tracking system was 829.6Wh and.

Radiation Damage (RD) studies on structural materials provide a way to understand a material's behaviour in a NPP. Oxide Dispersed Strengthened Steel (ODSS) alloys have been considered as one of the promising candidate materials in fast nuclear fission and fusion reactors. There are multiple mechanisms responsible for the microstructural changes instigating substantial alterations in the macroscopic properties of the material as well. Currently, various experimental and simulation studies on RD in ODSS alloys are being carried out owing to their radiation resistant property under different irradiation conditions. Owing to varying experimental approaches, the interpretations are usually incoherent. Simulating irradiation effect through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations offers necessary insight into the production of primary damage defects and microstructural evolution. MD simulations can reveal atomistic details of some hidden phenomena and their mechanistic understanding associated with ODSS alloys, such as: damage cascades, defects interface interactions and radiation stability at elevated temperature. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand the aforementioned phenomena through atomistic simulation techniques, although one simulation technique is not enough to cover ranges of RD. Hence, this paper reviews recent studies performed through MD simulations and irradiation effects in ODSS alloys.

Oxide dispersed strengthened steel (ODSS) is widely used in nuclear industry due to its excellent creep and void swelling resistance. The presence of high density of uniformly distributed nano clusters in steel alloys can reduce both void swelling and radiation embrittlement in current reactors. ODSS alloys also show radiation stability at high temperatures anticipated in advanced reactors. Since fabrication and characterization is still immature and need extended research by integrated multi-scale simulation and experimental studies. Computational approaches like Molecular Dynamics (MD) can help to understand mechanism for radiation damage in ODSS. Atomistic to bulk properties can be analyzed through multi-scale simulations. It is recommended to combine multi-scale modeling approach with experimental studies validation. This article provides a comprehensive perspective of radiation damage effects covering both experimental and simulation methods. More discussion is based on simulation performed though MD for understanding radiation damage in ODS alloys. MD simulations for irradiation stability, damage cascades and strengthening mechanism are also discussed.