Background: Adult circumcision is an effective surgical treatment for symptomatic phimosis, but its effects on sexual function and psychosocial outcomes remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to assess patient-reported motivations for circumcision due to phimosis and to evaluate changes in sexual function, genital self-image, and depressive symptoms after surgery. Methods: We performed a prospective, single-center observational pre–post cohort study of adult men who underwent circumcision for symptomatic phimosis at a tertiary academic center in Poland between January 2023 and April 2025. Participants completed an author-designed questionnaire and validated patient-reported outcome measures before surgery and at six months after circumcision. The primary endpoint was the change in sexual function measured by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). Secondary endpoints included changes in genital self-image assessed using the Male Genital Self-Image Scale (MGSIS-7), depressive symptoms measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and patient-reported motivations for surgery. Paired comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: A total of 148 men were included in the study. The most common reasons for surgery were pain/discomfort (58/148, 39.2%) and impaired sexual activity (51/148, 34.5%). The total IIEF-15 score increased from 46.4 ± 20.4 to 57.5 ± 21.0 (p < 0.001), with significant improvements across all domains (all p < 0.001). The total MGSIS-7 score improved from 19.9 ± 4.5 to 23.1 ± 4.0 (p < 0.001). Paired BDI-II data were available for 77 men; the total BDI-II score decreased from 1.2 ± 3.8 to 0.3 ± 1.6 (p = 0.004). Most men reported improved sexual life (127/148, 85.8%) and cosmetic satisfaction (124/148, 83.8%), and 119/148 (80.4%) reported no complications. Conclusions: Circumcision for symptomatic phimosis was associated with improved sexual function and genital self-image, alongside a statistically significant but clinically negligible decrease in subclinical depressive symptoms.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and other cardiac rhythm disturbances represent a major and growing global health burden, contributing substantially to stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Because AF is frequently asymptomatic or paroxysmal, timely diagnosis remains a persistent clinical challenge. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the technological principles, diagnostic performance, clinical utility, and limitations of consumer smartwatches equipped with photoplethysmography (PPG) and single-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for the detection and prevention of heart rhythm disturbances. Large prospective cohorts, including the Apple Heart Study and the Fitbit Heart Study, together with multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses, demonstrate that smartwatch-based PPG and ECG algorithms achieve high sensitivity and specificity for AF detection. This enables opportunistic screening and supports targeted secondary prevention of thromboembolic events, particularly ischemic stroke. However, real-world implementation raises concerns regarding false-positive alerts, overdiagnosis, patient anxiety, and the necessity of physician-confirmed diagnosis. Smartwatch-based rhythm monitoring constitutes a clinically meaningful, evidence-supported adjunct to conventional arrhythmia detection, but its integration into routine cardiological practice requires structured confirmatory pathways, clinician education, and further research addressing diverse populations and long-term outcomes.