Curcuma lampangensis Saensouk, Maknoi & Rakarcha is a member of the family Zingiberaceae within the genus Curcuma L. This species is endemic to Thailand and is classified as critically endangered due to its restricted distribution and the ongoing degradation of its natural habitats. The species predominantly occurs in areas that are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic activities, particularly agricultural expansion, which contributes to habitat fragmentation and poses a significant risk to its persistence in the wild. In addition, propagation by rhizomes or seeds shows relatively low propagation efficiency. Therefore, plant tissue culture techniques are considered important for improving propagation efficiency. In this study, shoot and root induction of C. lampangensis were investigated by culturing on solid and liquid MS medium for 8 weeks, supplemented with different plant growth regulators including BA, kinetin, IAA, IBA, NAA, 2,4-D, TDZ, mT and Ads. The results showed that solid MS medium supplemented with 2 and 3 mg/L mT induced the highest mean number of shoots of 7.26 to 7.63 shoots per explant, a mean roots number of 18.57 to 19.88 roots per explant, and 30 to 60% callus formation. Meanwhile, liquid MS medium without plant growth regulators induced the highest mean number of roots of 34.73 roots per explant, with a mean root length of 3.49 cm. Acclimatized rooted plantlets transferred to sandy soil showed 85% survival rate.

Curcuma lampangensis, a critically endangered species endemic to Thailand, has been successfully propagated in vitro; however, its phytochemical profile and biological activities remain uncharacterized. This study compared eight ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the aerial and belowground tissues of wild and in vitro-derived plants. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activity were evaluated alongside chemical profiling by HPLC-DAD, targeted LC–MS/MS, and GC–MS. The ethyl acetate extract of wild belowground tissues showed the highest TPC (5.21 mg GAE/g DW), while the ethyl acetate extract of in vitro-derived aerial tissues exhibited the highest TFC (1.59 mg QE/g DW) and ABTS activity (63.11%). The ethanol extract of wild belowground tissues showed the strongest DPPH activity (70.48%), and the ethyl acetate extract of in vitro-derived belowground tissues demonstrated the greatest tyrosinase inhibition (52.12%). HPLC and LC–MS/MS revealed a diverse phenolic and flavonoid profile, with p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin consistently detected across all extracts, while ferulic and caffeic acids were widely distributed. GC–MS tentatively identified ethyl palmitate, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and ethyl oleate as predominant constituents. These findings demonstrate that in vitro-derived biomass retains appreciable phytochemical and biological properties, supporting its use as a renewable, conservation-compatible material for further characterization and bioactivity-guided research.