The paper presents the influence of the surface anodizing parameters of the aluminum alloy EN AW-5251 on the physicochemical properties of the oxide layers produced on it. Micrographs of the surface of the oxide layers were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of cross-sections from the oxide layers was studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phase structure of the Al₂O₃ layers was determined by the pattern method using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The nanomorphology of the oxide layers were analyzed based on microscopic photographs using the ImageJ 1.50i program. The energetic state of the layers was based on the surface-free energy (SFE), calculated from measurements of contact angles using the Owens-Wendt method. The highest surface-free energy value (49.12 mJ/m²) was recorded for the sample produced at 293 K, 3 A/dm², in 60 min. The lowest surface-free energy value (31.36 mJ/m²) was recorded for the sample produced at 283 K, 1 A/dm², in 20 min (the only hydrophobic layer). The highest average value nanopore area (2358.7 nm²) was recorded for the sample produced at 303 K, 4 A/dm², in 45 min. The lowest average value nanopore area (183 nm²) was recorded for the sample produced at 313 K, 1 A/dm², in 20 min.

Nanotechnology is currently a very promising field of materials science. One of the most recent directions of research in this field is the nanotechnology of the upper layers for applications in engineering kinematic systems. The paper presents the influence of the production parameters of Al₂O₃ oxide layers on an EN AW-5251 aluminum alloy substrate on the nanostructure, nanomorphology of these layers, and their energy condition. The energy level was determined on the basis of Surface-Free Energy (SFE), determined from wettability (contact) angle measurements using the Owens-Wendt method. Using systematic scanning, the geometric structure of the surface (SGS) was determined for the produced layers. By means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the surface morphology and structure, and the chemical composition of the layers (EDS) were analyzed. Computer analysis of the surface nanoporosity was performed by means of the ImageJ 1.50i program. It was noted in the investigations that the oxide layer production parameters induce changes in the surface free energy of the layers. Changes in the nanomorphology of the upper layers were also observed, depending on the anodizing parameters.

In the present paper, a model of wear mechanism of Al₂O₃/WS₂ with polyether ether ketone (PEEK)/BG plastic has been presented. An amorphous Al₂O₃ oxide layer with a tungsten disulfide modifier has been characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with an Energy Dispensive Spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and XRD analysis. The addition of WS₂ to the acid bath reduces the friction coefficient of the Al₂O₃/WS₂-PEEK/BG friction pair. The technology applied to receive the Al₂O₃/WS₂ layer, with appropriately selected conditions, allows us to obtain a tribological layer that enables the delivery of WS₂ solid lubricant during friction.

In the present paper, a model has been developed for the structure of an oxide layer obtained on aluminium as a result of the hard anodising process, which is widely used in industry. As a result of such processing, oxide layers with thicknesses within the range 30–100 µm (under certain conditions even up to 250 µm) can be obtained. It is worth noting that the oxide coatings obtained by this method on aluminium exhibit only a small level of porosity and have a high hardness. According to the method proposed, oxidation is carried out in a ternary water electrolyte called SAS, which contains sulphuric acid, adipic acid, and oxalic acid.

The article presents the influence of the anodic alumina coating nanostructure produced on aluminum alloy EN AW-5251 on the type of tribological wear process of the coating. Oxide coatings were produced electrochemically in a ternary electrolyte by the DC method. Analysis of the nanostructure of the coating was performed using ImageJ 1.50i software on micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Scratch tests of the coatings were carried out using a Micron-Gamma microhardness tester. The scratch marks were subjected to surface geometric structure studies with a Form TalySurf 2 50i contact profiler. Based on the studies, it was found that changes in the manufacturing process conditions (current density, electrolyte temperature) affect changes in the coating thickness and changes in the anodic alumina coating nanostructure (quantity and diameter of nanofibers), which in turn has a significant impact on the type of tribological wear. An increase in the density of the anodizing current from 1 to 4 A/dm² causes an increase in the diameter of the nanofibers from 75.99 ± 7.7 to 124.59 ± 6.53 nm while reducing amount of fibers from 6.6 ± 0.61 to 3.8 ± 0.48 on length 1 × 10³ nm. This affects on a change in the type of tribological wear from grooving to micro-cutting.