Although there are a limited number of studies investigating the changes in olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in the acute and subacute periods after COVID-19 infection, there are no studies conducted in the chronic period. The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in OBV and OSD after COVID-19 in the chronic period. A total of 83 people were included in our study, including 42 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 41 patients with COVID-19 infection (10-12 months after infection). The COVID-19 group included 41 patients with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.5 years and the control group included 42 individuals with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.4. The mean OBV was 67.97 ± 14.27 mm3 in the COVID-19 group and 94.21 ± 7.56 mm3 in the control group. The mean OSD was 7.98 ± 0.37 mm in the COVID-19 group and 8.82 ± 0.74 mm in the control group. Left, right, and mean OBVs and OSD were significantly lower in patients with COVID- 19 than the control individuals (all p < .05). Our findings show that COVID-19 infection causes a significant decrease in the OBV and OSD measurements in the chronic period.

INTRODUCTION: It has been established that abnormal fat deposits are associated with fat deposition in other abdominal regions and linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, vascular and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between fat deposition of the renal (i.e., kidney) sinus (FRS) and fatty liver disease (FLD) in a sample of adults. The authors hypothesized that FRS could be a diagnostic finding associated with Hepatosteatosis (HS) in a sample of younger patients. This study was the first apparent investigation of this possible phenomenon. METHODS: A convenience sample of 92 adult patients of which 19 (20.7%) were females and 73 (79.3%) were males, and with a mean age of 30.19 (SD = 6.00) were included. The authors calculated Hounsfield Units (HU) (i.e., relative quantitative measurement of radio density) of patients’ livers and spleens on non-contrast computed tomography (CT). Liver and spleen differences < 10 HU were considered steatosis (FLD). The authors stratified sample patients into two analytic subgroups according to the presence of FLD or not and compared them based on their FRS widths. RESULTS: In the FLD subgroup (N = 48), the difference of HU values between liver and spleen was -5.19 (SD = 11.32), with a range of -38 - 8 HU, while, in the non-steatosis subgroup (N = 44), the mean difference was 16.36 (SD = 3.90), range of 11 - 26 HU. The average diameter of FRS width was 12.5 mm in those patients with steatosis (FLD subgroup) although 9.3 mm in non-FLD patients. (p = 0.02) CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, FRS may be able to be used by radiologists as an ancillary method in the detection of hepatic steatosis in younger adults. The effectiveness of premedical processes (e.g., exercise and diet modification) can also be increased by non-radiologists after detection of lower-grade HS.

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Background: Percutaneous native kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing kidney parenchymal diseases, providing essential diagnostic and prognostic information. Despite non-invasive serological markers, biopsy continues to play a key role in clinical nephrology. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 174 adult native kidney biopsies performed between January 2018 and November 2024 at X Training and Research Hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.5 ± 18 years, and males constituted 52.3%. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (51.7%) and diabetes mellitus (26.4%). Nephrotic syndrome (29.3%) was the leading biopsy indication, followed by asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (25.3%) and unexplained kidney failure (25.3%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (17.8%), followed by membranous nephropathy (8.6%) and crescentic/necrotizing glomerulonephritis (7.5%). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was more frequent in nephrotic presentations and among elderly patients. Crescentic and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis were significantly associated with age > 65 years (P < .05). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy incidence was notably low in this cohort, while lupus nephritis occurred exclusively in females. Bleeding complications developed in 13.2% of patients, including 2.8% with major events, with no organ loss or mortality. Conclusion: This study provides the first regional epidemiological data on native kidney biopsies from province X. The findings demonstrate the increasing frequency and predominance of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in Türkiye. This pattern, together with an older patient profile, indicates regional variation and underscores the importance of kidney biopsy in monitoring epidemiological trends of glomerular diseases. Cite this article as: Gibyeli Genek D, Terzioğlu Yazıcı GC, Bacaksızlar Sarı F, Örgün Sönmez MG, Alp A, Huddam B. Clinicopathological analysis of native kidney biopsies: single-center experience in Muğla province. Turk J Nephrol. 2026;35(3):208-215.

The bulbus oculi consists of two main fluid-containing anatomical structures: the aqueous humor (AH) at the anterior and the vitreous humor (VH) at the posterior. In this study, we investigated the diffusion changes that occur due to aging in these two structures with different biochemical contents using magnetic resonance imaging. VH and HA diffusion values were calculated in the eyes of a total of 128 patients divided into 8 different groups according to their ages. The results obtained were compared according to age, gender and right-left distinction. There was no statistically significant difference in the diffusion values obtained for both VH and HA between genders (p=0.397, p=0.383) and between right and left eyes (p>0.568, p>0.717). However, the first decade age group had the lowest diffusion values for both structures (p

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer and it often occurs in sun-exposed areas such as head and neck skin. Invasive SCC located on breast skin is a rare entity and may clinically mimic breast cancer. We report a case of a 39 years old female with a non-eroded, vegetative, growing lesion on the right breast skin, initially mimicking breast cancer both clinically and histopathologically. After surgery with clear margins, adjuvant radiotherapy was administered, by considering the pathological risk factors for recurrence. At 14 months, the patient is disease-free and under regular follow-up. Invasive SCC of the breast skin is a rare entity and may have different etiology/behavior or directly develop de novo when compared to SCCs located on sun-exposed skin. Medical history and physical examination in conjunction with histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen are critical for the accuracy of the diagnosis and the correct treatment decision in patients presenting with a mass invading breast skin.