Although there are a limited number of studies investigating the changes in olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in the acute and subacute periods after COVID-19 infection, there are no studies conducted in the chronic period. The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in OBV and OSD after COVID-19 in the chronic period. A total of 83 people were included in our study, including 42 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 41 patients with COVID-19 infection (10-12 months after infection). The COVID-19 group included 41 patients with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.5 years and the control group included 42 individuals with the mean age 40.27 ± 14.4. The mean OBV was 67.97 ± 14.27 mm3 in the COVID-19 group and 94.21 ± 7.56 mm3 in the control group. The mean OSD was 7.98 ± 0.37 mm in the COVID-19 group and 8.82 ± 0.74 mm in the control group. Left, right, and mean OBVs and OSD were significantly lower in patients with COVID- 19 than the control individuals (all p < .05). Our findings show that COVID-19 infection causes a significant decrease in the OBV and OSD measurements in the chronic period.

Background: In this study, it is aimed to reveal the change in OBV and OSD in healthy Turkish pediatric individuals between 1 month and 18 years of age with 3 Tesla MRI taking into account different age groups and gender factors. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 190 pediatric individuals who underwent cranial MRI were evaluated. Healthy pediatric cases were divided into four groups as infantile period (first 24 months when cerebral myelinization was completed), early childhood (2-6 years), childhood (6-12 years) and adolescence (12-18 years). OBV and OSD measurements were performed on coronal T2-weighted brain MR images by 3T MR scan. The mean, right and left olfactory bulb volume and sulcus depths were used for evaluation. Results: The mean age was 9.9 ± 7.5 months for the infantile period, 4.5 ± 1.3 years for early childhood, 9.3 ± 1.7 years for childhood and 15.2 ± 1.7 years for adolescence. Mean, right and left OBV was found to be slightly larger in male children than female children (P= 0.015, P= 0.033 and P= 0.010, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the genders for mean, right and left OSD (P= 0.559, P= 0.536 and P= 0.598, respectively). Among the age groups, the values of the 3rd and 4th groups in terms of mean, right and left OBV were higher than the other two groups (P<0.001). In terms of OSD, mean, right and left values were higher in group 2, 3 and 4 than group one (P<0.001). Conclusions: These data differ by pediatric age group and gender for the development of OBV and OSD. Normal values for the pediatric age group and gender should be calculated to detect olfactory dysfunction. Background: In this study, it is aimed to reveal the change in OBV and OSD in healthy Turkish pediatric individuals between 1 month and 18 years of age with 3 Tesla MRI taking into account different age groups and gender factors. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 190 pediatric individuals who underwent cranial MRI were evaluated. Healthy pediatric cases were divided into four groups as infantile period (first 24 months when cerebral myelinization was completed), early childhood (2-6 years), childhood (6-12 years) and adolescence (12-18 years). OBV and OSD measurements were performed on coronal T2-weighted brain MR images by 3T MR scan. The mean, right and left olfactory bulb volume and sulcus depths were used for evaluation. Results: The mean age was 9.9 ± 7.5 months for the infantile period, 4.5 ± 1.3 years for early childhood, 9.3 ± 1.7 years for childhood and 15.2 ± 1.7 years for adolescence. Mean, right and left OBV was found to be slightly larger in male children than female children (P= 0.015, P= 0.033 and P= 0.010, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the genders for mean, right and left OSD (P= 0.559, P= 0.536 and P= 0.598, respectively). Among the age groups, the values of the 3rd and 4th groups in terms of mean, right and left OBV were higher than the other two groups (P<0.001). In terms of OSD, mean, right and left values were higher in group 2, 3 and 4 than group one (P<0.001). Conclusions: These data differ by pediatric age group and gender for the development of OBV and OSD. Normal values for the pediatric age group and gender should be calculated to detect olfactory dysfunction.

Ischiofemoral impingement (ISFI) is the compression of the quadratus femoris muscle resulting from the narrowed distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial bone. Congenital factors (such as developmental hip dysplasia), positional conditions (such as femoral anteversion), intertrochanteric fractures, osteotomy, and osteoarthritis may lead to the superior and medial displacement of the femur which is causing the ISFI. According to the literature, osteochondroma (OC) is not described among the main etiological factors of ISFI. There is only one case report about the relationship between ISFI and OC. We present two ISFI cases due to OC accompanied by radiological findings. Our patients are 19 and 32 years old. Our article is the first case series on this topic.

Superior oftalmik ven trombozu (SOVT) nadir görülen bir patoloji olup etyolojisinde hiperkoagülasyon durumları, enfeksiyöz hastalıklar (enfeksiyöz sinüzit, orbital selülit), enflamatuar hastalıklar (sistemik lupus eritematozus, Behçet sendromu, sarkoidoz vb), neoplazmlar (lösemi, lenfoma, menenjiom), travma ve karotis-kavernöz fistül gibi durumlar rol oynar. Bilateral eş zamanlı gelişen SOVT ise çok nadir görülen ve erken tanı konulup tedavi edilmesi gereken bir durumdur. Tanı ve etyolojik nedenin belirlenmesinde manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ve manyetik rezonans anjiyografi (MRA) önemli radyolojik modalitelerdir. Biz bu makalede remisyonda Non Hodgkin Lenfoma (NHL) olgusunda her iki orbitada eş zamanlı gelişmiş subakut evre SOVT' nin MRG bulgularını sunuyoruz.

Objective: Repetitive transfusion is a treatment option in patients with thalassemia, but this causes iron accumulation in various organs, especially the liver. In this study, it is aimed to present our own experience in the correlation of serum ferritin concentrations with liver T2* MR measurements and ADC values in thalassemia patients. Materials and methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients who underwent T2* MR examination of the liver due to beta thalassemia were included in the study. Liver T2* and ADC measurements and ferritin measurements of the patients included in the study were compared. MRI examination was performed with 3T scanner. Multiecho gradient echo was used for T2* MRI examinations. T2* and ADC measurements were made from 4 different regions of the liver, one each from the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe and one each from the anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe. Spaerman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum ferritin levels and R2* and ADC measurements. Results: Thirty-two patients (43.24%) were female and and forty-two (56.76%) were male. There was moderate correlation between serum ferritin and liver T2* measurements (r= -0.52 p<0.01). The highest T2 value was measured in the left lobe medial segment of the liver as 7.85 ms and the lowest was measured in the right lobe posterior segment of the liver as 6.5 ms. There was weak correlation between serum ferritin and ADC (r= -0.41, p<0.01). The highest ADC value was measured in the left lobe medial segment of the liver as 908.90 mm2/s and the lowest was measured in the right lobe anterior segment of the liver as 766.78. There was a moderate-high correlation between liver T2* measurements and ADC measurements. This correlation was higher than the correlation between serum ferritin and liver T2* measurements. Conclusion: Correlations between the serum ferritin measurements and both ADC and T2* measurements are lower than those found with 1.5T in the literature. The correlation of ADC with serum ferritin is lower than the correlation between serum ferritin and T2*MR, so we do not think ADC is as useful as T2* measurements in assessing liver iron accumulationin in thalassemia patients. Amaç: Talasemi, hastalarında tekrarlayıcı transfüzyon bir tedavi opsiyonudur, fakat bu durum başta karaciğer olmak üzere değişik organlarda demir birikimine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada talasemi hastalarında, serum ferritin konsantrasyonları ile karaciğer T2* MR ölçümleri ve ADC değerlerinin korelasyonu konusundaki kendi deneyimimizin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Beta talasemi nedeni ile karaciğere yönelik T2* MR tetkiki yapılan ardışık 74 olgu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Olguların karaciğer T2* ve ADC ölçümleri ile ferritin ölçümleri karşılaştırıldı. MR incelemesi 3T tarayıcı ile yapıldı. T2* MR incelemelerinde multieko gradyan eko kullanıldı. Karaciğer sol lob medial ve lateral segmentten birer ve sağ lob anterior ve posterior segmentlerden birer adet olmak üzere toplam 4 farklı bölgeden T2* ve ADC ölçümleri yapıldı. Serum ferritin düzeyleri ile R2* ve ADC ölçümleri arasındaki korelasyonu değerlendirmek için Spearman korelasyon analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların 32’si (%43,24) kadın, 42’si (%56,76) erkekti. Serum ferritin ile karaciğer T2* ölçümleri arasında orta düzeyde negatif bir korelasyon vardı (r= -0,52 p<0,01). En yüksek T2* değeri 7,85 ms ile karaciğerin sol lob medial segmentinde, en düşük T2* değeri ise 6,5 ms ile karaciğerin sağ lob arka segmentinde ölçüldü. Serum ferritini ile ADC arasında negatif zayıf bir korelasyon vardı (r= -0.41, p<0.01). En yüksek ADC değeri 908,90 mm2/s ile karaciğerin sol lob medial segmentinde, en düşük ADC değeri ise 766,78 ile karaciğerin sağ lob ön segmentinde ölçüldü. Karaciğer T2* ölçümleri ile ADC ölçümleri arasında orta-yüksek korelasyon mevcuttu. Bu korelasyon serum ferritin ile karaciğer T2* ölçümleri arasındaki korelasyondan daha yüksekti. Sonuç: Serum ferritin ölçümleri ile hem ADC hem de T2* ölçümleri arasındaki korelasyonlar literatürde 1,5T ile bulunanlardan daha düşüktür. ADC’nin serum ferritin ile korelasyonu, serum ferritin ve T2*MR arasındaki korelasyondan daha düşük olduğundan, talasemi hastalarında karaciğer demir birikiminin değerlendirilmesinde ADC’nin T2* ölçümleri kadar yararlı olduğunu düşünmüyoruz.

The bulbus oculi consists of two main fluid-containing anatomical structures: the aqueous humor (AH) at the anterior and the vitreous humor (VH) at the posterior. In this study, we investigated the diffusion changes that occur due to aging in these two structures with different biochemical contents using magnetic resonance imaging. VH and HA diffusion values were calculated in the eyes of a total of 128 patients divided into 8 different groups according to their ages. The results obtained were compared according to age, gender and right-left distinction. There was no statistically significant difference in the diffusion values obtained for both VH and HA between genders (p=0.397, p=0.383) and between right and left eyes (p>0.568, p>0.717). However, the first decade age group had the lowest diffusion values for both structures (p