O Morbillivirus possui RNA de fita simples, sentido negativo e não possui a enzima transcriptase reversa, não sendo, portanto um retrovírus. A infecção sistêmica pelo Morbillivirus pode ser encontrada em canídeos selvagens, procionídeos como guaxinins, kinkajous, ursos, mustelídeos, hienas, grandes felinos, felinos domésticos, cetáceos, primatas não humanos e humanos. A grande capacidade do Morbillivirus de transpor barreiras entre as espécies se deve a mutações na proteína H do envelope lipoprotéico, tornando-o um vírus pantrópico. Surtos de doenças causadas pelo Morbillivirus foram registrados em diferentes espécies em um mesmo período de tempo, pois além da alta virulência, os animais contaminados são reservatórios da doença e agentes de transmissão intraespécies e interespécies. Esta característica do Morbillivirus dificulta a erradicação das infecções do VCC (vírus da cinomose), embora existam vacinas para algumas espécies acometidas. O estudo das interações do Morbillivirus com as diferentes espécies leva-nos a discutir os conceitos de 'One World One Health', 'One Medicine' e 'One Health', ao se correlacionar com os riscos para a saúde humana e animal que o Morbillivirus representa. O trabalho de vigilância epidemiológica do VCC é significativamente importante por se tratar de uma doença infecciosa emergente que representa uma ameaça a saúde de seres humanos e animais. Alguns estudos apontam que o vírus do sarampo é derivado do vírus da cinomose ou do vírus da peste bovina. Esse estudo é um complicado de artigos publicados na literatura, que fornecem informações acerca dos mecanismos patológicos utilizados pelo Morbillivirus para infectar o hospedeiro e estruturas cerebrais com a descrição das lesões. Além disso, a presente revisão de literatura aborda a epidemiologia, etiopatogenia, alterações histológicas, diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial da cinomose.

Feline panleukopenia is a viral disease of domestic cats caused by Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1. This virus species is generally classified into feline parvovirus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) according to phylogenetic characteristics and association with diseases in the animal hosts. Despite the availability of vaccines, feline panleukopenia has been reported in cats from Brazil. This study aimed to detect and characterize Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 in blood samples from 368 domestic cats in southern Brazil. Total DNA was extracted from these samples, and FPV/CPV-2 detection was performed using a specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was further sequenced to identify the FPV/CPV-2 genotype. The results showed nine blood samples (2.45%) testing positive for Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1. Partial VP2 gene was successfully sequenced in six of these positive samples. A phylogenetic analysis with a large dataset classified all protoparvoviruses into three main clades: A, B, and CPV. Four of the viruses sequenced in this study (IDs 9917, 9919, 9927, and 9936) were classified in clade A, one (ID 9944) in clade B, and one (ID 9930) in clade CPV. Furthermore, three FPVs from clade A showed total nucleotide identity among themselves and also with field FPV sequences, while two of them (IDs 9936 and 9944) showed high nucleotide identity with two different modified live virus vaccines (from Clades A and B, respectively). These findings suggest that domestic cats are infected by field-like and/or vaccine-related FPV strains, as well as CPV-2 in southern Brazil.

Porcine circoviruses 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) are endemic pathogens in swine populations worldwide. This study aimed to detect PCV2, PCV3, and genotype PCV2, and associate these PCV infections with pig productive performance on commercial Brazilian farms. Palatine tonsils were collected from 250 slaughtered pigs, originating from 25 batches/herds from 25 different farms (10 samples per batch/herd), and were used to identify PCV2 and PCV3. Overall, 23 (92%) herds tested positive for PCV2 and 19 (76%) for PCV3, with 18 (72%) herds positive for both these PCVs. Within-herd prevalence in the positive batches ranged from 10% to 100% for PCV2 and 10% to 50% for PCV3. The PCV2d genotype was identified in all positive herds, whereas PCV2b was only co-detected with PCV2d in five herds. Amino acid sequence analysis additionally revealed three main substitutions (A133H, T134D and L136M) in the Cap protein of most PCV2d samples evaluated here. PCV2 positivity in the herds correlated with mortality rate (ρ = 0.70; p = 0.001) and carcass condemnation (ρ = 0.57; p = 0.003), but not with average slaughter weight (ρ = −0.33; p = 0.102). PCV3 showed no significant correlation with pig productive performance (p > 0.05). In conclusion, PCV2 and PCV3 are widely and concurrently circulating on commercial pig farms in Southern Brazil, with PCV2d being the predominant genotype. The high frequency of PCV2 was associated with field mortality and carcass condemnation, highlighting the need for continuous molecular surveillance, prevention, and control of this circovirus in commercial swine production.

Lower urinary tract diseases in cats affect approximately 15 to 57% of cats and are one of the most important causes of visits to the veterinarian. Pandora syndrome affects cats with lower urinary tract diseases (LUTI), resulting in dysuria, hematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria. Most clinical cases of cats with these alterations are considered as “clinically unexplained syndromes” or idiopathic, and may be related to genetic factors and epigenetic influences. Obstructive lower urinary tract disease in cats can be potentially fatal because it involves fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance and acute kidney injury. Treatment options include medical treatment, surgery and changes in environmental management and behavioral adjustments in cats. Clinical treatment is ineffective in many cases. Penectomy and perineal urethrostomy are effective surgical techniques for unblocking urinary flow in felines, more frequently in males. However, they are associated with high rates of postoperative death (8%-22%). By using a subcutaneous ureteral device implant, urine passes through an artificial system, surgically placed, preserving the animal's ureter that is no longer viable. The use of this device is associated with good long-term results and a lower mortality rate. To date, no official guidelines are available in veterinary medicine to assist veterinarians in making decisions about the best treatment for these diseases. However, the placement of a ureteral device remains the standard treatment of choice and is associated with the highest success rates, in addition to medications to minimize stress and changes in management.