O Morbillivirus possui RNA de fita simples, sentido negativo e não possui a enzima transcriptase reversa, não sendo, portanto um retrovírus. A infecção sistêmica pelo Morbillivirus pode ser encontrada em canídeos selvagens, procionídeos como guaxinins, kinkajous, ursos, mustelídeos, hienas, grandes felinos, felinos domésticos, cetáceos, primatas não humanos e humanos. A grande capacidade do Morbillivirus de transpor barreiras entre as espécies se deve a mutações na proteína H do envelope lipoprotéico, tornando-o um vírus pantrópico. Surtos de doenças causadas pelo Morbillivirus foram registrados em diferentes espécies em um mesmo período de tempo, pois além da alta virulência, os animais contaminados são reservatórios da doença e agentes de transmissão intraespécies e interespécies. Esta característica do Morbillivirus dificulta a erradicação das infecções do VCC (vírus da cinomose), embora existam vacinas para algumas espécies acometidas. O estudo das interações do Morbillivirus com as diferentes espécies leva-nos a discutir os conceitos de 'One World One Health', 'One Medicine' e 'One Health', ao se correlacionar com os riscos para a saúde humana e animal que o Morbillivirus representa. O trabalho de vigilância epidemiológica do VCC é significativamente importante por se tratar de uma doença infecciosa emergente que representa uma ameaça a saúde de seres humanos e animais. Alguns estudos apontam que o vírus do sarampo é derivado do vírus da cinomose ou do vírus da peste bovina. Esse estudo é um complicado de artigos publicados na literatura, que fornecem informações acerca dos mecanismos patológicos utilizados pelo Morbillivirus para infectar o hospedeiro e estruturas cerebrais com a descrição das lesões. Além disso, a presente revisão de literatura aborda a epidemiologia, etiopatogenia, alterações histológicas, diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial da cinomose.

Morbillivirus has single-stranded, negative-sense RNA and does not have the reverse transcriptase enzyme, and is therefore not a retrovirus. Systemic infection with Morbillivirus can be found in wild canids, procyonids such as raccoons, kinkajous, bears, mustelids, hyenas, big cats, domestic cats, cetaceans, non-human primates, and humans. The great ability of Morbillivirus to cross barriers between species is due to mutations in the H protein of the lipoprotein envelope, making it a pantropic virus. Outbreaks of diseases caused by Morbillivirus have been recorded in different species in the same period of time, because in addition to the high virulence, contaminated animals are reservoirs of the disease and intraspecies and interspecies transmission agents. This characteristic of Morbillivirus makes it difficult to eradicate CCV (distemper virus) infections, although there are vaccines for some affected species. The study of Morbillivirus interactions with different species leads us to discuss the concepts of 'One World One Health', 'One Medicine' and 'One Health', as they correlate with the risks to human and animal health that Morbillivirus represents. The epidemiological surveillance work of the VCC is significantly important because it is an emerging infectious disease that poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. Some studies point out that the measles virus is derived from the distemper virus or the rinderpest virus. This study is a complicated of articles published in the literature, which provide information about the pathological mechanisms used by Morbillivirus to infect the host and brain structures with the description of the lesions. In addition, the present literature review addresses the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, histological alterations, clinical and laboratory diagnosis of distemper.

Infectious diseases are of great importance in veterinary medical clinics. Brazil has shown a significant reduction in many infectious diseases, through effective instruments in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases and consequently the adoption of prevention and control measures. Serological tests are fundamental in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, as they are effective in concluding diagnoses and prognosis, in addition to contributing to the epidemiological surveillance of diseases. This study aims to contribute with relevant information for the serological diagnoses of brucellosis, parvovirus and leptospirosis diseases. Laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases are important in dogs to isolate infected animals and prevent secondary infections of susceptible animals that have contact with sick dogs. The clinical diagnosis is undefined, as several other viral pathogens can cause common symptoms in dogs, such as coronavirus, adenovirus, morbillivirus, rotavirus, reovirus, norovirus. Therefore, serological diagnosis is a fundamental tool within veterinary medicine, to diagnose and treat in a specific way the occurrence of common pathologies among dogs.

Lower urinary tract diseases in cats affect approximately 15 to 57% of cats and are one of the most important causes of visits to the veterinarian. Pandora syndrome affects cats with lower urinary tract diseases (LUTI), resulting in dysuria, hematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria. Most clinical cases of cats with these alterations are considered as “clinically unexplained syndromes” or idiopathic, and may be related to genetic factors and epigenetic influences. Obstructive lower urinary tract disease in cats can be potentially fatal because it involves fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance and acute kidney injury. Treatment options include medical treatment, surgery and changes in environmental management and behavioral adjustments in cats. Clinical treatment is ineffective in many cases. Penectomy and perineal urethrostomy are effective surgical techniques for unblocking urinary flow in felines, more frequently in males. However, they are associated with high rates of postoperative death (8%-22%). By using a subcutaneous ureteral device implant, urine passes through an artificial system, surgically placed, preserving the animal's ureter that is no longer viable. The use of this device is associated with good long-term results and a lower mortality rate. To date, no official guidelines are available in veterinary medicine to assist veterinarians in making decisions about the best treatment for these diseases. However, the placement of a ureteral device remains the standard treatment of choice and is associated with the highest success rates, in addition to medications to minimize stress and changes in management.

As doenças do trato urinário inferior de felinos acometem cerca de 15 a 57% dos gatos, sendo uma das mais importantes causas de visitas de gatos ao médico veterinário. A síndrome de Pandora acomete os gatos que apresentam as Doenças do trato urinário inferior (DTUIF), resultando em disúria, hematúria, periúria, polaciúria e estrangúria. Sendo que a maioria dos casos clínicos de gatos que apresentam essas alterações, são consideradas como “síndromes clinicamente inexplicáveis” ou idiopáticas, podendo estar relacionadas a fatores genéticos e influências epigenéticas. A doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutivo do gato pode ser potencialmente fatal por envolver um desequilíbrio hídrico, eletrolítico e acidobásico e lesão renal aguda. As opções de tratamento incluem o tratamento clínico, cirurgia e mudanças de manejo ambiental e adequação de comportamento dos gatos. O tratamento clínico, em muitos casos é ineficaz, as cirurgias de penectomia e uretrostomia perineal são técnicas cirúrgicas efetivas para a desobstrução do fluxo urinário em felinos, mais frequente em machos, porém estão associadas a altas taxas de morte pós-operatória (8%-22%). Através da utilização do implante de dispositivo ureteral subcutâneo, a urina passa através de um sistema artificial, colocado cirurgicamente, preservando o ureter do animal que não se encontra viável. O uso desse dispositivo está associado a bons resultados em longo prazo e menor taxa de letalidade. Até o momento, nenhuma diretriz oficial está disponível em medicina veterinária para auxiliar o veterinário na tomada de decisões sobre o melhor tratamento para essas doenças, entretanto a colocação de um dispositivo ureteral continua sendo o tratamento padrão de escolha e está associado às mais altas taxas de sucesso, somado as medicações para minimização de estresse e mudanças de manejo.

Alopecia X is a dermatological disorder that mainly affects Nordic breed dogs. Its cause is not completely clear. Alopecia X is characterized by its non-inflammatory aspect, being similar to endocrine-based dermatopathies. The main lesions are progressive hair loss in the affected areas, being less pronounced on the head and distal extremities of the limbs in more advanced cases. This study aims to report a case of alopecia X in a male, uncastrated German Spitz dog. At the first visit, an initial case of bilateral symmetrical alopecia was observed on the caudal side of the thighs and perineum, without pruritus, macroscopic signs of inflammation and clinical signs of systemic diseases. The patient underwent additional tests (including trichogram, skin scraping, direct ectoparasite screening and blood profile) in which parasitic and systemic diseases were ruled out. Based on clinical aspects, racial predisposition and exclusion of systemic causes, the diagnosis of alopecia X was considered. The treatment of choice was orchiectomy associated with the use of Melatonin, initially for 3 months. After 90 days of treatment, partial regrowth of the alopecic areas was observed, as well as a reduction in the area without hair, with return of primary and secondary hairs in the affected region. It is concluded in this case that the choice of orchiectomy associated with the use of melatonin was effective in improving the dermatological condition, and can be used as an ally.