The color stability and translucency of dental restorations are influenced by several factors, including the type of cement used, the chemical composition of the materials, and their thickness. This study aims to assess the color stability and translucency of various adhesive systems and CAD/CAM materials after exposure to UV aging. A total of 140 specimens were prepared using five different CAD/CAM materials: CEREC (CE), Cerasmart (CS), Vita Enamic (VE), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Grandio (GR), with thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The specimens were randomly divided into two cementation techniques: Dual Cure (DC) and Light Cure (LC). The relative translucency parameter (RTP) was measured initially and after UV aging using the RTP00 formula, and (∆RTP) was calculated. The specimens’ color change (∆E00) was determined using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis was conducted using Three-Way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. CE exhibited the least color change (∆E00), while LU displayed the highest ∆E00 across all parameters. There was no significant difference between the DC and LC cementation techniques, except for CS, CE, and VE at a thickness of 0.5 mm, and for CS and CE at 1 mm. Most color changes observed in the groups, were out of clinically acceptable ranges, except for the CE group with a thickness of 1 mm and DC cementation technique. The lowest ∆RTP was noted in specimens with a thickness of 1 mm and DC cementation across all groups. The material structure had the most significant impact on ∆E00, while thickness significantly affected the ∆RTP. The cementation technique had the least influence on ∆E00 and no effect on ∆RTP. New-generation cement materials, whether Light Cure or Dual Cure, showed similar effects on ∆RTP (p < 0.05). None.

Objective: This study aimed to compare surface roughness values (Ra) of different posterior composites after pH-cycling and toothbrushing simulation. Methods: Fifty disc-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) were prepared by using three bulk-fill composites [Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (FBF), SonicFill (SF), X-tra fil (XF)], a flowable [G-aenial Universal Flo (GF)], and a microhybrid composite [Filtek Z250 (Z250)]. After initial roughness (Ra0) measurements were performed with a contact profilometer, the samples were subjected to a pH-cycling model for 10 days and Ra1 values were recorded. Then, the samples were subjected to toothbrushing simulation for 4 min and final values (Ra2) were recorded. From each group, a representative sample was analyzed with an optical profilometer. The values were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor (period) followed by Tukey’s test (p

To investigate shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin of a conventional and three bulk-fill composites applied in different increment thickness and cured by mono- and multi-wave LED LCUs. Two hundred and fifty-two extracted sound human molars were prepared for SBS test. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the resin composites used. Conventional composite: Tetric N-Ceram (control); high-viscosity bulk-fills: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, X-tra Fil, and SonicFill. Each group was subdivided (n = 7) according to increment thickness (2, 4, and 6 mm) and cured by standard mode of a mono-wave LED or two different modes (standard and xtra power) of a multi-wave LED. The failure mode was stereomicroscopically determined at 40× magnification. Data were analyzed using Three-way ANOVA and further comparisons were assessed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. There were no significant differences within X-tra fil and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill groups for any of the variables (p > 0.05). A significant decrease in SBS values with increase of layer thickness was observed for SonicFill and control groups. Also, curing mode had a significant effect on both composites at 6 mm thickness and standard mode of multi-wave LED caused the highest SBS value (p ˂ 0.05). Adhesive failure was the most common fracture pattern especially at 6 mm thickness applications. Based on the results of this study, the bulk-fill composites can be safely applied in one-step with 4 mm increments, although the examined composites performed better at 2 mm thickness. The performance of the composites at 6 mm increment may show differences related to the curing lights and modes.

Aim: The long-term success of laminate restorations depends not only on their mechanical strength but also on the stability of their optical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CAD/CAM material type, thickness, and cement type on color change (ΔE00) and translucency parameter differences (ΔTP) of laminate restorations after UV aging.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 specimens were prepared from five different CAD/CAM materials (CEREC feldspathic block, Cerasmart block, Vita Enamic block, Lava Ultimate block, and Grandio CAD/CAM block) and two thicknesses (0.7 mm and 1.2 mm). Specimens were divided according to cement type (dual-cure and light-cure). Color measurements (L*, a*, b*) were performed before and after UV aging, and color and translucency differences (ΔE00 and ΔTP) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. UV aging was applied as an artificial aging procedure and was not included as an independent variable in the statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA according to material type, thickness, and cement type (p < 0.05).Results: Material type significantly influenced color changes (ΔE00) and the translucency parameter differences (ΔTP). Among the tested groups, the CEREC block (1.1 ± 0.3) demonstrated the least color change. In contrast, the Lava Ultimate block (12.7 ± 0.5) exhibited the most significant color change (p < 0.05). The lowest ΔTP differences were observed for Lava Ultimate block (-0.2 ± 0.2), Vita Enamic (-0.3 ± 0.4), and Cerasmart (-0.1 ± 0.4) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: All groups exhibited color changes that exceeded both the perceptibility and clinical acceptability thresholds. Changes observed after UV aging indicated a decrease in translucency. Among the evaluated factors, material type was identified as the most critical factor affecting ΔE00 values, while specimen thickness was the main determinant of ΔTP.