Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the distribution of histopathologically diagnosed oral soft and hard tissue lesions in patients presenting to the Şanlıurfa Oral and Dental Health Hospital, according to age, sex, and anatomic location.Material and Methods: The histopathological reports of 227 patients who underwent biopsy between 2015 and 2024 were reviewed. Lesions were classified as radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, giant cell granulomas, pyogenic granulomas, fibrotic lesions, mucoceles, oral lipomas, squamous papillomas, fibro-osseous lesions, and other. Demographic data and locations were statistically evaluated.Results : 59% of the patients were women and 41% were men. The most common lesions were fibrotic lesions (35.7%) and radicular cysts (31.3%). The oral mucosa was the most common site of lesions (42.7%). Radicular cysts were most common in the 3rd decade, dentigerous cysts in the 3rd decade, giant cell granulomas in the 6th decade, and fibrotic lesions in the 5th decade.Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the distribution of oral lesions in the region is largely consistent with the literature, although fibrotic lesions are more prevalent due to chronic irritation and oral hygiene factors. Regional public health programs and early detection mechanisms can play a critical role in reducing the morbidity of these lesions.

Objective: Many of the treatments of dentists consist of treatments with bleeding risk. Patients using antiaggregant/anticoagulant drugs are at risk of prolonged bleeding during the perioperative period in various dental procedures. On the other hand, the use of these agents is also necessary for the maintenance of the general medical health of the patient. In this study, it was aimed to measure the knowledge level of dentists about antiaggregant and anticoagulant drugs, and also to evaluate the effect of gender, institution, working period and title on this level of knowledge. Method: The research was planned as a descriptive survey study. The questionnaire was delivered to a total of 200 people, including dentists in Elazig, senior students of the Faculty of Dentistry of Fırat University, assistants and lecturers. 157 participants who agreed to answer the form were included in the study. Data were expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: 41.4% of the dentists stated that they encountered patients using antiaggregant/anticoagulant very frequently. The rate of physicians who considered themselves to have sufficient knowledge about these drugs was 42.04%, and the rate of physicians who considered themselves adequate about the treatment to be performed in case of bleeding problems was 36.94%. It was observed that the rate of dentists who said that they had sufficient information about which drug should be discontinued and when was 29.3%. To the question of which drug is an antiaggregant or anticoagulant, 56.05% of the physicians gave the correct answer for heparin, 60.06% for aspirin, 70.7% for warfarin and 46.05% for clopidogrel. Conclusion: As a result of our study, it was seen that there is no comprehensive and standardized treatment protocol in our country yet. It has been observed that most of the dentists do not have enough knowledge about antiaggregant and anticoagulant drugs, so they turn to different treatment options. Gender, institution, duration of employment and title; It has been observed that there is a significant effect on the level of knowledge about antiaggregant and anticoagulant drugs.

Haptic virtual reality may provide a standardized environment for repeated implant osteotomy practice and objective performance assessment; however, eviden

Objective: This study aimed to describe the CBCT-based positional measurements and morphological distribution of the mandibular foramen in growing individuals and to compare the M1, M2, and M3 measurements according to chronological age group, sex, and sagittal skeletal class. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 120 CBCT images of individuals aged 6–16 years (mean 10.31 ± 2.33 years; 67 male, 53 female) selected from 750 archived scans. Participants were divided into three age groups (6–8, 9–12, and 13–16 years) and classified using the ANB angle (Class I, II, and III). Three measurements were assessed: M1 (foramen to occlusal plane), M2 (to posterior ramus border), and M3 (to anterior ramus border). Foramen morphology was classified into five types: circular-, elliptical-, triangular-, rectangular-, and parallelogram-shaped. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used, followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons where appropriate. Results: Interobserver ICC values ranged from 0.75 to 0.81, indicating good interobserver reliability. In the unadjusted comparisons, no statistically significant differences in M1, M2, or M3 were detected according to sex or sagittal skeletal class (all p > 0.05). Significant age-related differences were identified in M2 between the 6–8 and 9–12 year groups (right p = 0.003; left p = 0.021) and between the 6–8 and 13–16 year groups (right p < 0.001; left p = 0.003). Elliptical morphology was most prevalent bilaterally (right 39.2%; left 40.0%). Conclusions: Statistically significant age-group differences were detected only for M2, whereas no statistically significant differences according to sex or sagittal skeletal class were detected in this sample. Greater M2 values in the older age groups represent a greater absolute linear distance between the fixed mandibular foramen reference point and the posterior ramal reference line and should not be interpreted as evidence of posterior displacement. Elliptical morphology was the most frequently observed form bilaterally. These findings provide anatomical information from clinically indicated CBCT examinations but do not support routine CBCT acquisition solely for mandibular foramen localization.

Three-dimensional variations of anatomical structures located in the maxillary anterior region are critically important in surgical and orthodontic treatme