Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the distribution of histopathologically diagnosed oral soft and hard tissue lesions in patients presenting to the Şanlıurfa Oral and Dental Health Hospital, according to age, sex, and anatomic location.Material and Methods: The histopathological reports of 227 patients who underwent biopsy between 2015 and 2024 were reviewed. Lesions were classified as radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, giant cell granulomas, pyogenic granulomas, fibrotic lesions, mucoceles, oral lipomas, squamous papillomas, fibro-osseous lesions, and other. Demographic data and locations were statistically evaluated.Results : 59% of the patients were women and 41% were men. The most common lesions were fibrotic lesions (35.7%) and radicular cysts (31.3%). The oral mucosa was the most common site of lesions (42.7%). Radicular cysts were most common in the 3rd decade, dentigerous cysts in the 3rd decade, giant cell granulomas in the 6th decade, and fibrotic lesions in the 5th decade.Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the distribution of oral lesions in the region is largely consistent with the literature, although fibrotic lesions are more prevalent due to chronic irritation and oral hygiene factors. Regional public health programs and early detection mechanisms can play a critical role in reducing the morbidity of these lesions.

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the concordance of three general-purpose large language models (LLMs), ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, with an adjudicated expert consensus classification of Stage, Grade, and Extent in Stage III–IV periodontitis when applying the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology (AAP/EFP) rules to clinician-prepared, standardized case summaries. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective concordance study (two centers, 105 patients), two periodontologists independently classified each case from complete charts and radiographs; discordant cases were adjudicated. De-identified summaries containing pre-extracted clinical, radiographic, and modifier variables were presented to each LLM in three independent sessions per case; the modal decision was the primary index result, and single-session performance was also reported. Stage and Grade concordance (Cohen’s/weighted kappa) were co-primary endpoints; Extent and full concordance were secondary. Results: Modal Stage concordance was almost perfect for ChatGPT (κ = 0.98) and Gemini (κ = 0.92) and substantial for Claude (κ = 0.73); single-session Stage κ ranged from 0.73 to 0.98. Grade (weighted κ = 0.97–1.00) and Extent (κ = 0.93–1.00) concordance were almost perfect. Full concordance ranged from 85.7% (Claude) to 99.0% (ChatGPT). Every classifiable modal Stage discordance understated severity: Claude and Gemini assigned Stage II or I to 14 Stage III cases in which attachment loss met the Stage III threshold but radiographic bone loss was below 33%. Conclusions: Given pre-extracted variables and explicit instructions, the LLMs applied the classification rules with substantial to almost perfect concordance; this reflects rule application, not independent diagnosis. Performance was model-specific, Gemini showed greater session-to-session variability, and two models systematically understaged borderline Stage III cases. The findings support only clinician-supervised, educational use with local validation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain experienced by patients after free gingival graft (FGG) surgery using three different pain scales – the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) – and to compare the effectiveness of these scales in pain assessment. Thirty-six individuals aged between 18 and 53 years, comprising 27 females (75%) and 9 males (25%), were included in the study. A single researcher assessed the pain of the participants using the different scales on the 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, and the 1st month after FGG surgery. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Turkey). Positive, high-level, and statistically significant correlations were observed among the three scales (p