Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy products formed by selective laser melting (SLM) are characterized by high strength and low plasticity. In addition, there may be pores inside the material, which may become a fracture sprouting point and accelerate the failure of the parts. Using an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electronic universal testing machine, the effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) parameters on the microstructure and tensile property of SLM-formed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy were investigated. The results show that HIP performed below the β-phase transition temperature, and the structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is composed of an α phase and β phase. With the increase in the HIP temperature, the α lath coarsens into a short rod, the content of the β phase increases and coarsens, and the tensile strength and yield strength of Ti-6Al-4V show a decreasing trend. With an HIP process performed at a temperature of 910 °C and pressure of 130 MPa for 2 h, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy obtains the best matching of strength and plasticity.

The consolidation of metal powders is a complex thermomechanical process, and the temperature has a significant effect on the density distribution in the compact. The consolidation process of metal powders with an average particle size of 10 μm, 25 μm, and 50 μm under hot isostatic pressure was simulated by finite element modeling. The distribution and evolution of the relative density after being hot isostatic pressing (HIP) under 1050 °C/130 MPa/4 h, 1150 °C/130 MPa/4 h, and 1250 °C/130 MPa/4 h conditions were simulated, respectively. The experimental data of HIP at 1050 °C/130 MPa/4 h were used to verify the modeling results via the geometric change in the container. The relative density difference between the simulated results and the experimental results at different positions was less than 2%. This methodology called “modeling prediction, experimental validation” can accelerate experimental discovery in an economic manner.

Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtering target samples were prepared using Mo powder, Nb powder,Ni powder and Ti powder as raw materials by hot isostatic pressing (near net forming). The density, phase composition, microstructure and element distribution of Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtered target samples were measured by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results show that hot isostatic pressing can prepare Mo-Nb target at lower temperature, and the obtained samples have finer grains, higher density and more uniform element distribution than that of non-pressure sintering. High-quality Mo-Nb, Mo-Ti, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtering targets (density>99%, grain size<100 μm) were obtained by hot isostatic pressing.

Mo-Ni-Ti alloy sputtering target samples were prepared using Mo powder and Ni-Ti alloy powder as raw materials by hot isostatic pressing. Density, phase composition, microstructure and element distribution of Mo-Ni-Ti sputtered target samples were measured by OM, SEM and EDS. The experimental results show that hot isostatic pressing can prepare large-sized Mo alloy target at lower temperature, and the obtained samples have finer grains, higher density and more uniform element distribution than that of non-pressure sintering. In this work, Mo-Ni-Ti sputtering targets (Purity>99.95%, density>99.5%, particle size<100 μm, component deviation<0.5 wt%) were obtained by hot isostatic pressing.

Aluminum alloy capsules play a critical role in shape control, heat transfer, and pressure transmission during the PM-HIP sintering of Al-based powders. As the weakest part of the capsule, the reliability of the welded joint is crucial for the safe operation of the HIP process and the quality of the final product. This study investigated the effects of two typical HIP temperatures on the evolution of second phases and texture. The results show that: (1) At 400 °C, suppressed Si diffusion retains a continuous, low-melting-point Al-Si eutectic network and needle-like secondary phases in the weld zone, thereby impeding residual stress relief. Compositional segregation in the heat-affected zone weakens grain boundary stability. The texture undergoes only limited recovery, with a strong orientation retained and micro-strain not effectively relieved, restricting joint ductility. (2) At 510 °C, Si is sufficiently spheroidized, forming a bead-like structure. Needle-like second phases transform into globular/short-rod morphologies, disrupting the continuity of the brittle phases. Simultaneously, complete recrystallization is induced, resulting in a randomized texture and significant release of micro-strain, thereby improving microstructural homogeneity and plastic deformation capacity. This study suggests that the internal stress concentration arising from the low-melting-point eutectic phase and strong texture poses a failure risk for the capsule. Therefore, employing the 510 °C HIP process to achieve second-phase spheroidization and texture weakening can significantly mitigate this failure risk.