This study reveals the efficiency of the electron beam processing of titanium technogenic material with a high level of impurities and the quality of the obtained metal in correlation to process parameters which are discussed. The influence of the beam power and melting time on the composition variation, morphologies, hardness of metal samples and mass losses is investigated. Based on the different technological parameters, the removal efficiency of impurities is also discussed, and the corresponding experiments are carried out in order to make a comparison. Different thermal process conditions are realized during the single-melt operation. Chemical and metallographic analyses are performed, and the results are discussed. The hardness of the titanium decreases by prolonging the time of the electron beam processing. A maximal overall removal efficiency of 99.975% is seen at 5.5 kW beam power for a 40 min melting time and the best purification of Ti (99.996%) is achieved.

Investigations are carried out and obtained experimental and theoretical data for tantalum scrap recycling by electron beam melting (EBM) is presented in this paper. Different thermal treatment process conditions are realized and results are discussed. A chemical analysis is performed and refining mechanisms for electron beam (EB) refining of Ta are discussed. For the performed experiments the best purification of Ta (99.96) is obtained at 21.6 kW beam power for a melting time of 3 min. A statistical approach is applied for estimation of the material losses and the liquid pool characteristics based on experimentally-obtained data. The aim is to improve the EBM and choosing optimal process conditions, depending on the concrete characteristic requirements. Model-based quality optimization of electron beam melting and refining (EBMR) processes of Ta is considered related to the optimization of the molten pool parameters, connected to the occurring refining processes, and to minimal material losses. Optimization of the process of EBM of Ta is based on overall criteria, giving compromised solutions, depending on the requirements concerning the quality of the performed products. The accumulated data, the obtained results, and the optimization statistical approach allow us to formulate requirements on the process parameters.

Plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) is applied as a sterilization technique for three-dimensional work pieces. In the sterilization process, a pulsed negative high voltage ($5\mu \mathrm{s}$ pulse width, $300\text{pulses}∕\mathrm{s},-800\mathrm{V}$ to $-13\mathrm{kV}$ ) is applied to the electrode (workpiece) under ${\mathrm{N}}_2$ at a gas pressure of 2.4 Pa. The resultant self-ignited plasma is shown to successfully reduce the number of active Bacillus pumilus cells by ${10}^5$ times after 5 min of processing. The nitrogen ion energy is estimated using a simple method based on secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis of the vertical distribution of nitrogen in PBII-treated Si.