The article considers some aspects of solving the urgent problem related to waste processing, in particular, renewable biowaste from the food industry. Development and implementation of modern technologies for processing and recycling various organic waste will reduce dependence on fossil energy sources, achieve carbon neutrality and maintain environmental safety. The object of the study is organic waste of the agro-industrial complex in the form of bone mass. The possibilities of efficient extraction of the valuable component using electro-hydro-pulse processing were experimentally studied. A description of the basic diagram of the electro-hydro-pulse installation and testing methods for different processing modes are given. Optimum values ​​of electrical parameters are determined, allowing to increase the degree of extraction of valuable components from organic raw materials while reducing the processing time.

The article presents the results of experimental research conducted on a specially designed setup for pressurizing various types of fluids through throttle orifices. To determine the optimal operating mode of the thermal system, throttle nozzles of different diameters, specifically 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm, were utilized. One of the primary advantages of vortex heaters is their high heat exchange efficiency. This is attributed to the vortical motions and turbulence generated within the device, which promote more vigorous fluid mixing, thus enhancing heat transfer efficiency. However, vortex heaters do have certain drawbacks. Vortical components may experience wear and require regular maintenance and replacement. Subsequently, during the course of experimental work, an alternative inertia-based hydrodynamic system for heating heat carriers was developed and installed in a laboratory experimental facility. The research focus was on technical water. The results indicated that the static pre-pressure generated by the supply of water from the water main into the system decreases as the rotor's angular velocity increases. Experimental investigations demonstrated that rotor rotation leads to a redistribution of flow characteristics in throttle orifices for both static and dynamic inertial fluid discharge. Given that any static column of liquid results in level flow through throttle orifices, their flow static parameters were established. Furthermore, the research revealed that with the increase in rotor angular velocity, the fluid pressure at the throttle orifices rises, while the share of fluid discharge from the initial static pressure decreases in the overall fluid flow

The article discusses the use of innovative electrohydraulic technology in the preparation of vertical ground heat exchangers to create heat supply using heat pumps. The discharge energy in the operating range varied E=900÷2600 J. The most economical mode of operation of the electrohydraulic installation is carried out with the following parameters: discharge voltage 30÷51 kV, capacitor bank capacity 2 µF and interelectrode distance 8÷15 mm. It is determined that the optimal energy of destruction of natural materials depends on their thickness. Based on the research, the limits of the electrophysical parameters of the approach were established, at which the concentrated destruction of hard rocks – the main stones ‒ begins. The effective amount of energy for the destruction of stones with a thickness of 53 mm is 900 J. For stones with a thickness of 78 mm, there should be 2600 J. If to increase the energy of the discharges to 1837 J, the process of complete destruction of the stones is underway. Using an electro hydraulic drill, we have prepared vertical wells up to 25 m deep. In the future, we have installed special temperature sensors along the length of the pipes, inside the well. Using a software product (Temp Keeper), data from temperature sensors are received in real time. This program allows to visually monitor temperature changes occurring at a local point. Temperature and time dependences are also obtained at coolant velocities of 0.2÷0.4 m/s. A significant decrease in the temperature in the well and at the outlet was observed at a coolant velocity of 0.35 m/s for one hour. The study conducted on the basis of the data obtained enables to achieve higher optimal drilling performance compared to conventional installations

This study presents the development of a combined heating system for a bioreactor designed to improve the efficiency of organic waste biodegradation. The proposed system maintains the required operating temperature within a specified range without relying on external energy sources, thereby enhancing the sustainability and energy efficiency of the bioconversion process. A bioreactor heating system based on a “water jacket” that is heated by the combustion of coal–water fuel has been developed. The “water jacket” is a system of two 15 mm diameter tubes located along a cylindrical axis inside the bioreactor. Heated liquid flows through the tubes, accelerating biomass fermentation processes. A technology for preparing and burning coal–water fuel using a radial circulation injection device is offered. Calculations are performed to determine the optimal temperature regime for the combustion process. Optimal conditions for electric pulse coal grinding (28 kV, 600 discharges) were established, the required particle size distribution of 50–250 µm was achieved, and the ignition temperature of the coal–water mixture (650 °C) was determined. The findings may contribute to improved waste management technologies and environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions and waste generation.

In the article, in order to solve environmental problems associated with heating buildings and structures, the methods of converting electrical energy into thermal energy and the processes occurring at the same time are considered. Well-known thermal installations, such as vortex, cavitation, cavitation-vortex, rotary, do not fully meet the requirements of consumers. In these conditions, the search for effective solutions is an urgent task. Such solutions include a method of obtaining thermal energy by creating pressure at the throttle openings by inertia forces of a rotating mass of liquid. To determine the flow of liquid through the throttle holes, an experimental stand was made. With the help of the stand, we determined the flow rate of liquid through throttle holes with a diameter of 1.5, 2, 3 mm. During the experiment, it was found that the larger the diameter of the throttle opening, the higher the fluid flow. However, it is impossible to excessively increase the diameter of the throttle opening, as this will complicate the creation of pressure at the throttle openings. It is found that with an increase in the angular velocity of the rotor, the fluid pressure at the throttle openings increases, and the proportion of fluid flow from the preliminary static pressure in the total flow decreases. It is certain that the preliminary static pressure in the supply line has a significant effect on the flow rate only at low rotor speeds (ω up to = 76 rad / s), and with increasing angular velocity, its influence decreases and the coefficient k tends to 1.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the developed bone degreasing stand. The object of the study is the production of valuable components from organic raw materials. Fractions of cattle crushed to the size of 2.5 mm, 5.2 mm and 10.5 mm were used to identify the effective mode of operation of an electrohydroimpulse installation. Physical and chemical methods of fat extraction are currently not relevant from the point of view of economy, due to environmental damage and labor intensity. In this regard, new effective methods of extracting fat from bone mass are needed. Therefore, the proposed method of extracting fat by spark discharge is an actual and alternative method for today. During the study, an acceptable temperature regime for fat production was obtained. Next, a laboratory stand was assembled, with which you can degrease the bone mass without changing the properties of fat. Experimental studies show that with an increase in the capacity of the capacitor bank in energy storage devices and the length of the discharge gap, the bone degreasing process becomes more efficient. During the study, it was found that at a liquid temperature of 38 °C and a pulse voltage of 25 kV on a switching device of an electrohydroimpulse installation, the degree of fat extraction increases without destroying the morphological structure of bone mass. Using the hexane extraction reaction, we determined the efficiency of fat extraction at a temperature of 38 °C, at which the fat mass from the bones is effectively broken down, and using the UV-1800 spectrophotometer, we determined the amount of protein in the bones before and after treatment. The study also showed that with a capacitor bank capacity of 0.5 uF, crushed to a fraction of 10.5 mm of pelvic bone, the separated fat is 18.7 %, and with constant grinding of the capacitor bank to a fraction of 2.5 mm – 19.4 %