Condition assessment of concrete bridge decks is critical for ensuring structural integrity and public safety, particularly as infrastructure ages. Traditionally, such assessments are made using destructive techniques, such as coring through concrete to collect samples for analysis. However, these invasive methods create weak points within the structure and risk damaging essential components, such as cutting through rebars. This paper explores the use of three non-destructive testing (NDT) methods—electrical resistivity (ER), impact echo (IE), and infrared thermography (IRT)—to evaluate the structural health of concrete bridge decks and overlays. These techniques are tested individually and in combination through a mock-up experiment to detect defects such as delamination and corrosion. The findings demonstrate that while each NDT method has specific strengths—surface ER with a 46.67% detection rate, IE with 40%, and IRT with 53.33%—the combined detection rate increased to 60%. This combined approach provides a more comprehensive assessment and is expected to help establish better maintenance strategies for aging infrastructure. The study highlights the importance of optimizing NDT methods for real-world applications, addressing current limitations such as environmental sensitivity and scanning speed, to improve the early detection and prevention of structural failures.

In this study, the mechanical properties and durability of rainwater penetration and retention pavement concrete blocks incorporating bottom ash fine aggregate were investigated to develop pavement concrete blocks that could reduce the rainwater leakage of impervious concrete structures. Pavement concrete blocks were prepared by replacing 0%, 10%, and 20% of the weight of natural fine aggregate with bottom ash fine aggregate for 410 and 450 kg/m 3 cement contents. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, slip resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and permeability coefficient of the pavement concrete blocks. Pavement concrete blocks produced with a cement content of 450 kg/m 3 and a 10% replacement ratio of bottom ash fine aggregate satisfied the target performance and exhibited the best overall performance. Theseoptimal mix parameters were applied in this study to design and manufacture pavement concrete blocks for rainwater penetration and retention that satisfied the target performance.

This study presents a photocatalytic infiltration pavement block designed to combine roadside NO_x removal with rainwater capture and temporary storage. TiO₂ and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex were incorporated into the pavement block to provide photocatalytic functionality, and direct infiltration holes were introduced to capture surface runoff, enable temporary storage, and promote delayed subgrade drainage. The effects of TiO₂ and SBR latex on compressive strength and NO_x removal were evaluated, while rainwater infiltration performance was examined using acrylic panels with different hole diameters, hole-area ratios, slopes, and V-groove treatments. The use of SBR latex improved the compressive strength of TiO₂-containing mixtures, with T10-L5 showing an 8.1% increase compared with the corresponding non-latex mixture. The same mixture achieved the highest NO_x removal efficiency, reaching 73.0% after 60 min of UV exposure. In the infiltration test, the 5 mm hole configuration gave the most stable runoff reduction, and lattice-type V-grooves improved water capture by connecting adjacent holes and guiding surface flow. A field-scale trial installation confirmed that the integrated infiltration–retention system suppressed visible ponding and runoff, provided delayed subgrade drainage, and maintained pavement stability under vehicle loading. The findings indicate that the proposed block system can provide combined air-purification and stormwater-control functions.

Rapid urbanization has intensified two critical urban challenges: the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff. This study evaluates the pilot-level field performance of a low-tortuosity permeable pavement (LTPP) system in potentially contributing to improved thermal regulation and hydraulic functionality. The system comprises a reduced-tortuosity upper block incorporated with bottom ash (BA) as a recycled fine aggregate and an underlying storage unit connected through an interlocking configuration, enabling direct infiltration while reducing clogging susceptibility and improving resistance to settlement and displacement. Field tests included thermal imaging, water-spraying infiltration-storage and vehicle-loading observations, and theoretical storage analysis. Initially, conventional permeable pavement (PP) dry surface temperature was measured at 44.2 °C, whereas the LTPP system already exhibited a lower temperature of 42.4 °C. During the evaporative stage after wetting, the LTPP system showed a lower temperature recovery rate, with a 2.91% increase between 90 and 120 min compared with 3.60% for conventional permeable pavement, indicating improved surface-temperature regulation. The storage calculations approximated that the LTPP system could theoretically buffer the simulated 15.63 mm/h rainfall by 6.65 to 7.32 h. It was also determined using historical rainfall data that the LTPP system, especially when provided with an outlet or drainage system, could effectively accommodate short- to medium-duration rainfall. Water-spraying tests confirmed rapid infiltration and subsurface storage, while vehicle-loading observations showed no noticeable displacement or settlement. These findings highlight the potential of a multifunctional permeable pavement design strategy that combines low-tortuosity flow paths, functional recycled aggregate selection, and subsurface storage for surface-temperature regulation and stormwater management.