Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one of the biopolymers which has a wide range of application, from medical purposes to electrical components. Previous studies show that BC could be produced from agricultural, food, and industrial waste. In this study, two kinds of liquid waste were utilized as the substrates for Komagataibacter xylinus to produce BC, namely tofu liquid waste, and rice-washed water. The structure of BC was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The tofu liquid waste resulted higher yield after 15 days of fermentation compared to the rice-washed water. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra of both BC displayed the similar pattern as the standard cellulose. To conclude, this study revealed that both tofu liquid waste and rice-washed water were potential to be used as the production media for BC.

Synthetic dyes are extensively used in the textile industry and represent a major source of environmental pollution due to the discharge of colored effluents into aquatic ecosystems. Conventional physical and chemical treatment methods are often ineffective in completely removing these dyes and may generate secondary pollutants or increase toxicity. Consequently, environmentally friendly and sustainable biological alternatives are required. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate indigenous fungi from dye-contaminated environments for the decolorization of Remazol Red (RR) dye. Fungal isolates were obtained from the Cibuluh River, Cisadane River, and textile industry wastewater treatment plants. Initial screening was performed on solid media containing RR dye, resulting in 45 fungal isolates, of which 15 demonstrated strong resistance and decolorization capability at elevated dye concentrations. Five promising isolates (TB1, TB3, TB4, SB1, and SB2) were further evaluated in liquid media containing RR at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/L. Among the tested isolates, TB1, TB3, and TB4 exhibited the highest decolorization efficiencies, achieving nearly complete dye removal at lower concentrations and maintaining substantial activity even at higher levels within five days of incubation. Visual observations and spectrophotometric analyses confirmed effective dye removal. Morphological and molecular identification based on ITS sequencing revealed that SB1 was closely related to Aspergillus tamarii, SB2 to Aspergillus awamori, TB1 to Aspergillus niger, TB4 to Trametes polyzona, and TB3 to Cladosporium cladosporioides. This study highlights the strong potential of indigenous fungi as cost-effective and sustainable agents for textile dye bioremediation.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ultra-persistent contaminants characterized by exceptional chemical stability, high mobility, and widespread environmental occurrence, posing significant challenges for remediation. Phytotechnology has emerged as a promising nature-based approach, yet its effectiveness is strongly governed by PFAS physicochemical properties and plant–soil interactions. This review provides a mechanistic synthesis linking PFAS environmental behavior with phytotechnology performance by examining PFAS sources, transport pathways, and structure-dependent properties that control persistence, partitioning, and mobility, with an emphasis on differences between short- and long-chain compounds. These characteristics determine bioavailability and influence treatment outcomes. Plant uptake mechanisms, including root absorption, xylem translocation, and tissue accumulation, are discussed alongside rhizosphere processes such as sorption, microbial interactions, and hydrological dynamics that regulate PFAS retention and redistribution. Current evidence indicates that phytotechnology functions primarily as a form of phytomanagement rather than a destructive solution, as mineralization is limited and field-scale treatment remains low. Instead, plant–soil–microbe systems reduce PFAS mobility and exposure through stabilization and sequestration. Future research should prioritize strategies for short-chain PFAS, integration with sorptive amendments, and data-driven approaches to optimize phytomanagement performance.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli are important indicators of antimicrobial resistance dissemination across human, animal, and environmental compartments. This study investigated their occurrence, concentration, genomic diversity, resistance determinants, virulence profiles, and plasmid replicons in urban and rural aquatic environments in Indonesia. Water samples were collected from the Ciliwung River across Bogor, Depok, and Jakarta; the Citarum River in West Java; the Brang Biji River in Sumbawa; groundwater wells in Depok,; and the influent and effluent of domestic and hospital wastewater treatment plants discharging into the Ciliwung River. ESBL-producing E. coli were detected at all Ciliwung River sites, seven of ten Citarum River sites, six of twenty-seven Brang Biji River sites, and three of five groundwater wells. The Ciliwung River had the highest mean concentration, at (2.1 ± 2.9) × 10⁴ CFU/100 mL, with an approximately 27-fold increase from upstream to downstream. Genomic analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous population structure, including the clinically relevant lineage ST361 and several sequence types shared between wastewater, river water, and groundwater, suggesting connectivity among these compartments. Isolates carried clinically important resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, qnrS, sul, and tetA, and virulence markers associated with uropathogenic, adherent-invasive, enterotoxigenic, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Diverse plasmid replicons, particularly IncF, IncI1-Iα, IncHI1, and Col types, indicated substantial potential for horizontal gene transfer. These findings demonstrate that Indonesian rivers, wastewater effluents, and groundwater constitute interconnected reservoirs of clinically relevant ESBL-producing E. coli. Environmental and wastewater surveillance should therefore be integrated into national One Health AMR monitoring and water-safety interventions.