Background: Rehabilitation of the entire dentition with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) tends to pose a great challenge to the clinician. Most of the cases of amelogenesis imperfecta are reported to be associated with skeletal and dental deformities which results in severe sensitivity of the dental tissues. Case presentation: This clinical case report marks out the total restoration of the oral condition of a young Indian patient diagnosed with the hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta. Fixed metal ceramic prosthesis were planned to strengthen the masticatory activity, aesthetics, to banish the dental sensitivity and to build up the general persona of the patient. The patient was followed-up at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years intervals. Functional and esthetic impairment was not visible after the follow up period and the treatment outcome was successful. The entire treatment plan was intended to enhance the functional, esthetic and the masticatory component of the occlusal architecture. Conclusion: This case report details the presentation, characteristic radiographic findings, and management of a patient with an extremely rare condition of amelogenesis imperfecta.

Since the advent of nanoscience, nanobiomaterials have been applied in the dental industry. Graphene and its derivatives have attracted the most interest of all of them due to their exceptional look, biocompatibility, multiplication differential, and antibacterial capabilities. We outlined the most recent developments about their applications to dentistry in our review. There is discussion of the synthesis processes, architectures, and characteristics of materials based on graphene. The implications of graphene and its counterparts are then meticulously gathered and described. Finally, in an effort to inspire more excellent research, this paper explores the obstacles and potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for dental aspects.

Background: Reconstruction of the entire dentition with odontogenic keratocyst is a very challenging quandary. Most cases of odontogenic keratocyst are often reported to be benign, resulting in severe occlusal discrepancies with the maxillary and mandibular dentition. Dental radiographs occasionally reveal an uncommon, locally aggressive developing cyst termed as odontogenic keratocyst, which is typically located in the posterior jaw. When this cyst occurs in the anterior region, it is often misdiagnosed with other periapical lesions due to its lack of response to pulp vitality tests. Case presentation: This clinical case scenario demarcates the endodontic management of a patient diagnosed with odontogenic keratocyst. A 37-year-old Indian male patient reported to the department with throbbing pain in the lower left posterior tooth requiring endodontic therapy. This patient also presented with odontogenic keratocyst in the anterior region of the jaw, for which he had undergone surgical rehabilitation. This case report highlights the clinical protocol for the endodontic therapy in patient diagnosed with ododntogenic keratocyst. Masticatory impairment was not visible after the follow-up period and the treatment outcome was successful. Conclusion: This case report details the presentation, characteristic radiographic findings, and endodontic management of a patient with an extremely rare condition of odontogenic keratocyst. The management involves multidisciplinary approach for the rehabilitation.

Introduction: Regenerative therapy’s primary goal in endodontics is to revitalize the pulpo-dentinal system of immature permanent dental teeth in order to permanently seal the gaping apex of the tooth’s root end and complete the root’s growth. Apexification is a process employed in teeth with diseased pulps to preserve an apical development of a root that is still developing or to form a mineralized barrier in a root that has an open apex. Biodentine is an adaptable substance that can support thin dentinal walls and help achieve apical closure, enhancing overall prognosis and maintaining natural dentition. Amnion membrane contains growth factors that promote regeneration and epithelization. Methodology: In this paper, cases of nonvital permanent tooth with an immature apex received treatment for the apexification process. Standard endodontic therapy was started after rubber dam isolation and under local anesthesia. Access cavities were prepared. ProTaper hand files up to size F3 were used for the cleaning and shaping process. For a duration of 2 weeks, two applications of calcium hydroxide dressing were applied to the root canals along with 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. At the subsequent appointment, the calcium hydroxide dressing was removed. The canals were dried using paper points, and then an amniotic membrane (Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India) plug was placed at the apex. The canal was filled with sterile cotton and temporized for 2 weeks. Following this, the entire root canal was obturated with Biodentin. Final restoration was done at subsequent visit with composite resin. Results: Three cases with permanent immature teeth with open apices were treated in which all the protocols of the apexification procedure were followed. All the 3 cases treated showed signs of healing both clinically and radiographically. Conclusion: Amniotic membrane is considered as one of the regenerative materials for the apexification procedure which helps in the closure of open apices within a span of 2 weeks. This membrane is considered as a viable option for the apexification of immature teeth without any adverse effects.

Introduction: Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has emerged as a promising nonthermal technology for antimicrobial disinfection and tissue modulation in dentistry. Its reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) facilitate the destruction of microorganisms, the disruption of biofilms, and the biomodulation of cells and tissues without causing thermal harm. The lack of translation into clinical practice despite the large number of in vitro investigations calls for a thorough synthesis of the available data. Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAPP across dental applications based on preclinical (in vitro and animal) and clinical studies. Materials and Methods: This review was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD420251154333) and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria encompassed in vitro, ex vivo, animal, and human studies employing CAPP or plasma‐activated liquids (PALs) for dental applications. Outcomes included antimicrobial efficacy, remineralization, bond strength, wound healing, and safety. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Consistent antibacterial, remineralizing, and bonding‐enhancing effects were shown in in vitro tests, along with significant increases in fibroblast proliferation and wound healing capability. Long‐term exposure safety and a decrease in alveolar bone loss, peri‐implant bacterial load, and periodontal inflammation were validated by in vivo investigations. No cytotoxic or carcinogenic effects were reported. Conclusions: Evidence from included studies, which were predominantly preclinical, suggests that CAPP demonstrates antimicrobial, bonding, remineralization, and regenerative potential with a favorable safety profile. However, clinical evidence is limited to a single short‐term randomized trial. Therefore, conclusions regarding routine clinical application remain preliminary, and further well‐designed clinical studies are required.

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to check the outcome of the direct and indirect pulp capping procedure using MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) by comparing the pre—and post—operative pain by using VAS scale, associating the pre- and post- operative changes in intraoral periapical radiograph and clinical symptoms. Materials and methods: In this prospective clinical study 10 cases (5 for direct and 5 for indirect) with deep carious lesions (symptomatic) with no periapical changes were selected for the trial. The participants were subjected to deep caries management procedure under rubber dam where MTA is placed as pulp capping material followed by immediate restoration with sandwich technique using composite resin. The participants were followed up at recall visits of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year intervals for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Results: The results of the study, analyzing the VAS, clinical symptoms and radiographic changes did not show any signs of pain, clinical and radiographic symptoms at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year intervals. Conclusions: It was concluded that MTA can be used for deep caries management as a pulp capping material which being equivalent to calcium hydroxide.