Breast cancer is a common cause of female mortality in developing countries. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes. Breast cancer develops from breast cells and is considered a leading cause of death in women. This disease is classified into two subtypes: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have made it possible to develop more accurate and reliable models for diagnosing and treating this disease. From the literature, it is evident that the incorporation of MRI and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is helpful in breast cancer detection and prevention. In addition, the detection strategies have shown promise in identifying cancerous cells. The CNN Improvements for Breast Cancer Classification (CNNI-BCC) model helps doctors spot breast cancer using a trained deep learning neural network system to categorize breast cancer subtypes. However, they require significant computing power for imaging methods and preprocessing. Therefore, in this research, we proposed an efficient deep learning model that is capable of recognizing breast cancer in computerized mammograms of varying densities. Our research relied on three distinct modules for feature selection: the removal of low-variance features, univariate feature selection, and recursive feature elimination. The craniocaudally and medial-lateral views of mammograms are incorporated. We tested it with a large dataset of 3002 merged pictures gathered from 1501 individuals who had digital mammography performed between February 2007 and May 2015. In this paper, we applied six different categorization models for the diagnosis of breast cancer, including the random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), support vector classifier (SVC), and linear support vector classifier (linear SVC). The simulation results prove that our proposed model is highly efficient, as it requires less computational power and is highly accurate.

Brain tumor segmentation in medical imaging is a critical task for diagnosis and treatment while preserving patient data privacy and security. Traditional centralized approaches often encounter obstacles in data sharing due to privacy regulations and security concerns, hindering the development of advanced AI-based medical imaging applications. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes the utilization of federated learning. The proposed framework enables collaborative learning by training the segmentation model on distributed data from multiple medical institutions without sharing raw data. Leveraging the U-Net-based model architecture, renowned for its exceptional performance in semantic segmentation tasks, this study emphasizes the scalability of the proposed approach for large-scale deployment in medical imaging applications. The experimental results showcase the remarkable effectiveness of federated learning, significantly improving specificity to 0.96 and the dice coefficient to 0.89 with the increase in clients from 50 to 100. Furthermore, the proposed approach outperforms existing convolutional neural network (CNN)- and recurrent neural network (RNN)-based methods, achieving higher accuracy, enhanced performance, and increased efficiency. The findings of this research contribute to advancing the field of medical image segmentation while upholding data privacy and security.

As technology advances, cities are getting smarter. Smart mobility is the key element in smart cities and Autonomous Driving (AV) are an essential part of smart mobility. However, the vulnerability of unmanned vehicles can also affect the value of life and human safety. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of 3D Point-Cloud (3DPC) processing and learning in terms of development, advancement, and performance for the AV system. 3DPC has recently attracted growing interest due to its extensive applications, such as autonomous driving, computer vision, and robotics. Light Detection and Ranging Sensors (LiDAR) is one of the most significant sensors in AV, which collects 3DPC that can accurately capture the outer surfaces of scenes and objects. Learning and processing tools in the 3DPC are essential for creating maps, perceptions, and localization devices in AV. The intention behind 3DPC learning and practical processing tools is to be considered the most essential modules to create, locate, and perceive maps in an AV system. The goal of the study is to know ``what has been tested in AV system so far and what is necessary to make it safer and more practical in AV system.'' We also provide insights into the necessary open problems that are required to be resolved in the future.

Brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is critical for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of therapeutic outcomes. Thus, this research introduces a novel hybrid approach that combines handcrafted features with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to enhance the performance of brain tumor segmentation. In this study, handcrafted features were extracted from MRI scans that included intensity-based, texture-based, and shape-based features. In parallel, a unique CNN architecture was developed and trained to detect the features from the data automatically. The proposed hybrid method was combined with the handcrafted features and the features identified by CNN in different pathways to a new CNN. In this study, the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge dataset was used to measure the performance using a variety of assessment measures, for instance, segmentation accuracy, dice score, sensitivity, and specificity. The achieved results showed that our proposed approach outperformed the traditional handcrafted feature-based and individual CNN-based methods used for brain tumor segmentation. In addition, the incorporation of handcrafted features enhanced the performance of CNN, yielding a more robust and generalizable solution. This research has significant potential for real-world clinical applications where precise and efficient brain tumor segmentation is essential. Future research directions include investigating alternative feature fusion techniques and incorporating additional imaging modalities to further improve the proposed method’s performance.

Brain cancer is a bad disease and affects millions of people in worldwide. Approximately 70% of patients diagnosed with this disease do not survive. The Machine learning is a promising and recent development in this area. However, very limited research is performed in this direction. Therefore, in this research, we propose an evolutionary lightweight model aimed at detecting brain cancer and classification, starting from the analysis of magnetic resonance images. The proposed model named lightweight ensemble combines (weighted average and lightweight combines multiple XGBoost decision trees) is the modified version of the recent Multimodal Lightweight XGBoost. Herein, we provide prediction explain ability by considering the preprocessing of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data and the feature extraction (Intensity, texture, and shape). The process in the evolutionary model involves a various step - first, prepare the data, extract important features, and finally, merge together using a special kind of classification called ensemble classification. We evaluate our proposed model using BraTS 2020 dataset. The dataset consists of 285 MRI scans of patients diagnosed with gliomas. The simulation results showed that our proposed model achieved 93.0% accuracy, 0.94 precision, 0.93 recall, 0.94 F1 score, and an area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) value of 0.984. The efficient results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model for brain tumor grading and classification using four grades. The efficient results show the potential of our proposed approach as a valuable tool for early diagnosis and effective treatment planning of brain tumors. Finally, the proposed model holds promise for aiding in early cancer diagnosis and treatment.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected network of heterogeneous entities, such as sensors and embedded devices. During the current era, a new field of research has emerged, referred to as the social IoT, which mainly includes social networking features. The social IoT refers to devices that are capable of creating interactions with each other to independently achieve a common goal. Based on the structure, the support of numerous applications, and networking services, the social IoT is preferred over the traditional IoT. However, aspects like the roles of users and network navigability are major challenges that provoke users’ fears of data disclosure and privacy violations. Thus, it is important to provide reliable data analyses by using trust- and friendliness-based properties. This study was designed because of the limited availability of information in this area. It is a classified catalog of trust- and friendliness-based approaches in the social IoT with important highlights of important constraints, such as scalability, adaptability, and suitable network structures (for instance, human-to-human and human-to-object). In addition, typical concerns like communities of interest and social contacts are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on friendliness- and trust-based properties, such as service composition, social similarity, and integrated cloud services.