The geographical location of Kazakhstan, situated in the central part of the Eurasian continent, has played a crucial role in shaping a distinctly continental climate. This positioning has led to Kazakhstan facing a significant challenge in terms of water resource availability. The country’s water resources are highly vulnerable to the dual pressures of climate change and human activities. It is noteworthy that the Yesil River basin is the sole region within Kazakhstan’s borders where water resources are predominantly generated, while all other river basins experience substantial outflows beyond the nation’s boundaries. This research undertaking involves a comprehensive analysis of long-term climatic data collected from meteorological stations located within the confines of the Yesil basin in Northern Kazakhstan. Additionally, the study encompasses the computation of water consumption and annual runoff within this region. Historical meteorological observations spanning from 1961 to 2020 reveal notable trends. Most significantly, a 1.2 °C increase in temperature is observed during the spring season. Winters have also become relatively milder and warmer, particularly towards the end of February, where temperatures have shifted from −16.2 °C in the first 30-year period to −14.6 °C in the second period. These findings underscore the ongoing climatic changes within the region, with significant implications for the management and sustainability of water resources in Kazakhstan.

This article examines the impact of climate change on the hydrometeorological indicators of some lakes and reservoirs in the Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. Two meteorological variables’ annual and seasonal trends at three weather stations in 1986–2023 were analyzed. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope methods were used to determine the presence of a positive or negative trend in weather data and their statistical significance. Hydrometric indicators were studied using the ArcGIS 10.8 program from 1995 to 2023. The results indicate an increasing average spring air temperature, with an annual rise of 0.08–0.09 °C. A significant trend in increasing average annual precipitation was observed in Saumalkol, with a rise of 4.7 mm per year. In contrast, no significant trends were found in the annual and seasonal precipitation data for Sergeyevka. It was also found that the area of Lake Saumalkol increased by 1.6% due to a rise in annual precipitation. In contrast, the area of Lake Kopa decreased by 6.04% because of an increase in the annual average temperature.

This article examines the impact of climate change on the hydrometeorological state of some lakes and reservoirs in the Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. Time series with values of various climate parameters for the period 1986-2023 are used for the climate analysis; the reliability of the results was assessed using the Fisher criteria. Hydrometric indicators were studied using the ArcGIG program. Using GIS to spatially analyze water climate data, 8-channel satellite images from 1995 to 2023 were used. During the study, it was found that the area of the main lakes has undergone changes.

Phosphorus deficiency and declining organic matter limit crop productivity in Northern Kazakhstan’s chernozem soils. This study evaluates whether the combined application of phosphorus fertilizer and an ash-carbon amendment from industrial by-products can improve soil fertility and barley yield. In a three-year field experiment (2018–2020), four P rates (1/10, 1/5, 1/2, and the full recommended dose, Prec) were tested with 100 kg ha⁻¹ of ash–carbon product (“Agrobionov”). Across growth stages, we measured cellulolytic microbial activity, water-stable soil aggregates (%WSA), and grain yield. Relative to the control, P + ash–carbon increased microbial activity by up to 57.6% and %WSA by up to 76%. The highest yield (1.32 t ha⁻¹) occurred with Agrobionov + ½ Prec, a 51.7% increase over the control. These results indicate that pairing moderate P rates with an ash–carbon amendment enhances soil biological and physical properties and improves yield in P-deficient chernozems, supporting the sustainable use of industrial by-products as cost-effective soil amendments. Future work should assess long-term effects on C sequestration, nutrient cycling, and economic feasibility.

This article presents a summary of the flora and the results of the floristic analysis of plants growing on the territory of the «Kokshetau» state national natural park of the «Ormandy bulak» branch. During the study, the following signs of vegetation were identified: habitat in the study area; classification of life forms by K. Raunkier and I.G. Serebryakov; ecological group in relation to moisture; economic significance. A taxonomic analysis was also carried out and the ratio of genera and species was determined. The flora of the «Ormandy bulak» branch of the «Kokshetau» SNNP has 56 species, 54 genera and 27 families. The leading genera include Rosaceae Juss., Asteraceae Dumort, Ranunculaceae Juss., Fabaceae Lindl. and Plantaginaceae Juss. Rubus L. and Galium L. they are the dominant genera. In addition, species listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan have been identified, these are Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. and Adonis vernalis L. In order to preserve the full biological diversity, and not only endangered species, it is necessary to assess the current state of regional flora and vegetation diversity, assess their structure and prospects for rational use.Keywords: flora, flora synopsis, branch of «Ormandy bulak», «Kokshetau» SNNP, biodiversity, taxonomic analysis.

In the context of accelerating climate change and increasing urbanisation, the private housing sector is becoming a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which contribute to anthropogenic pressure on the urban atmosphere and require detailed quantitative assessment. The aim of this study is to assess CO₂ emissions in the private residential sector and compare their spatial distribution with observed temperature trends in the context of regional climate change. Carbon footprint calculations were performed using data on fuel and electricity consumption, complemented by geoinformation analysis to map emission patterns. On average, a single household in Kokshetau accounts for 19.27 tons of CO₂ emissions per year from electricity and coal use. A clear trend of annual warming has been identified. The obtained value of Zs = 2.14 confirms the statistical significance of the temperature increase. A stable warming rate (Q_med = 0.03 °C/year) has resulted in a total rise of 1.14 °C since 1986, indicating a long-term shift in the regional climate toward warming. The use of remote sensing data and GIS analysis enabled detailed zoning of the territory based on thermal characteristics. The proposed decarbonization scenarios demonstrate that no single measure can fully achieve the targeted indicators. Maximum efficiency (over a 50% reduction in emissions) is achieved only under a combined scenario.