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For the first time in scientific literature, this work addresses the current situation of the Ishim River water quality in the Akmola Region (Northern Kazakhstan). This work uses environmental monitoring techniques to analyze the current state of surface waters in the river. The content of main ions, biogenic and inorganic ions, heavy metals, organic impurities in seasonal and annual dynamics have been studied. Results show that, despite the tightening of requirements for wastewater discharge into the Ishim River basin, a number of water quality indicators did not fulfill the regulatory requirements for surface water bodies during 2013–2019. It has been identified that the greatest pollution in the Ishim River is brought by enterprises of the Karaganda-Temirtau technogenic region, located in the upper reaches of the river. Future water quality monitoring is needed and should include increasing the number of sampling locations and the sampling frequency in order to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of hydrochemical parameters and allow a comprehensive monitoring of legally fixed water quality parameters/indicators.
Natalya Salikova; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Kulyash Alimova; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Analysis of the Water Quality of the Ishim River within the Akmola Region (Kazakhstan) Using Hydrochemical Indicators. Water 2021, 13, 1243 .
AMA StyleNatalya Salikova, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Kulyash Alimova, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Analysis of the Water Quality of the Ishim River within the Akmola Region (Kazakhstan) Using Hydrochemical Indicators. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalya Salikova; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Kulyash Alimova; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2021. "Analysis of the Water Quality of the Ishim River within the Akmola Region (Kazakhstan) Using Hydrochemical Indicators." Water 13, no. 9: 1243.
The article presents the analysis and results of the study of technogenic slag waste of lead-zinc production. Slags of lead-zinc production contain a large number of toxic compounds: lead, zinc, osmium, cadmium, which are dangerous sources of environmental pollution. Due to the open storage of slags, it was found that the maximum permissible concentrations of lead were exceeded. Utilization of man-made slag waste is of great importance for reducing the negative impact on the safety of life and improving the environmental situation in the region. At the same time, slags are valuable raw materials containing compounds of non-ferrous and rare-earth metals. The article shows the results of laboratory studies of slags to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of valuable components in the waste of lead production and the possibility of their further processing and disposal. Studies of the material of the heavy slag fraction were carried out on an electron probe microanalyzer of the JEOL IXA-8230 Electron Probe microanalyzer brand. X-ray diffractometric analysis of the average slag sample was performed on a DRON-4 diffractometer with Cu radiation, graphite monochromator. Samples were selected heavy fraction and manufactured artificial polished sections (briquettes). The sections were studied under the microscope of the brand LEICA DM 2500P and immersion in liquids. According to the results of research, it was found that lead slags contain a sufficiently high amount of non-ferrous metal compounds: lead oxide up to 0.7 % and zinc oxide up to 8.5 % of the weight amount of slag, which makes the process of recycling toxic waste from lead production technically and economically feasible.
Z. Bagova; K. Zhantasov; G. Turebekova; B. Sapargaliyeva; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE UTILIZATION OF TECHNOGENIC SLAG WASTE FROM A LEAD PLANT. SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021, 2, 22 -28.
AMA StyleZ. Bagova, K. Zhantasov, G. Turebekova, B. Sapargaliyeva, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE UTILIZATION OF TECHNOGENIC SLAG WASTE FROM A LEAD PLANT. SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY. 2021; 2 (446):22-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZ. Bagova; K. Zhantasov; G. Turebekova; B. Sapargaliyeva; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. 2021. "ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE UTILIZATION OF TECHNOGENIC SLAG WASTE FROM A LEAD PLANT." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 446: 22-28.
For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Paula-A. Bustos-Castro. Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3816 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, Paula-A. Bustos-Castro. Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3816.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Paula-A. Bustos-Castro. 2021. "Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3816.
Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine are commonly used as insecticides and herbicides to control weeds and prevent non-desirable growth of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite their highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of these pesticides in the vadose zone until they reach groundwater is still not being conducted on a regular basis. This work shows results obtained by version 5.08 of the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM5) numerical model to simulate the fate and transport of Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine between 2006 and 2018 inside the Buñol-Cheste aquifer in Spain. The model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. The simulation process was designed for a set of twelve scenarios considering four application doses for each pesticide. Results show that the maximum concentration value for every scenario exceeds the current Spanish Maximum Concentration Limit (0.1 μg/L). Numerical simulations were able to reproduce concentration observations over time despite the limited amount of available data.
Ricardo Pérez-Indoval; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Eduardo Cassiraga; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Pollution by Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine. Application to the Buñol-Cheste Aquifer (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3511 .
AMA StyleRicardo Pérez-Indoval, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Eduardo Cassiraga, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Pollution by Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine. Application to the Buñol-Cheste Aquifer (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Pérez-Indoval; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Eduardo Cassiraga; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2021. "Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Pollution by Chlorpyrifos, Bromacil and Terbuthylazine. Application to the Buñol-Cheste Aquifer (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3511.
Ecuador, with a population of approximately 17.08 million inhabitants, is one of the most COVID-19 affected countries in the world. On March 16th, 2020, a countrywide state of exception was declared by the national government, therefore applying measures to restrict mobility, suspension of working hours and closure of borders. This situation caused an increase in the massive demand for masks and gloves as the primary ways to preventing infection. These masks and gloves are single-used and discarded, causing an impact on the environment due to the time they take to decompose. In addition, syringes and other hospital may also become infectious waste.
Although hospitals may comply the regulations for the management and treatment of hazardous solid waste in Ecuador, the health emergency surprised all hospitals, clinics and health centers due to the increase in patients with coronavirus. This situation led to the establishment of new protocols for this type of waste and also for the management of corpses with COVID-19.
Health personnel are the ones that have been most affected during this time, so they have been working on the front line and have been the most exposed to contagion, increasing the use of disposable masks, gloves and gowns and contributing to the increase of waste from hospitals and health centers.
The objective of this study is to investigate and understand how the management of hospital waste has been developed in times of pandemic in the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) Manuel Ignacio Monteros in the city of Loja.
To carry out this study, information are taken from the records and databases generated in the IESS about the amount of hospital waste generated during the months of March to December 2020. Results are obtained making comparisons with the amount of hospital waste generated in the previous year 2019. The information was collected through surveys directed both to medical and administrative personnel who were in direct care of COVID-19 managing operations.
Results show that a considerable increase in the quantity and characteristics of hospital waste generated during the months of analysis was found. Hazardous hospital waste have been managed correctly as established by various protocols and agreements (Ministerial Agreement 0323) in full compliance with current legislation.
Katerine Elizabeth Ponce Ochoa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Sanitary waste management under Covid-19 restrictions in Ecuador. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKaterine Elizabeth Ponce Ochoa, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Sanitary waste management under Covid-19 restrictions in Ecuador. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaterine Elizabeth Ponce Ochoa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2021. "Sanitary waste management under Covid-19 restrictions in Ecuador." , no. : 1.
Chlorpyrifos is commoly used as an pesticide to control weeds and prevent nondesirable grow of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite its highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of this kind of pesticide in the groundwater is not commonly done in real situations. Predicting the fate of pesticides released into the natural environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize adverse effects both at close and long distances from the contamination source. A number of models have been developed to predict the behavior, mobility, and persistence of pesticides. These models should account for key hydrological and agricultural processes, such as crop growth, pesticide application patterns, transformation processes and field management practices.
This work shows results obtained by the Pesticide Water Calculator (PWC) model to simulate the behavior of chlorpyrifos. PWC model is used as a standard pesticide simulation model in USA and in this work it has been used to simulate the fate and transport of chlorpyrifos in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer. The model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. PWC is used to estimate the daily concentrations of chlorpyrifos in the Buñol-Cheste aquifer in Valencia Region(Spain).
A whole set of simulation scenarios have been designed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. Results of the PWC model obtained in this study represents a crucial first step towards the development of a pesticide risk assessment in Valencia Region. Results show that numerical simulation is a valid tool for the analysis and prediction of the fate and transport of pesticides in the groundwater.
Ricardo Pérez Indoval; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Eduardo Cassiraga. Assessment of groundwater contamination by chlorpyrifos using the PWC model in Valencia Region (Spain). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRicardo Pérez Indoval, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Eduardo Cassiraga. Assessment of groundwater contamination by chlorpyrifos using the PWC model in Valencia Region (Spain). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Pérez Indoval; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Eduardo Cassiraga. 2021. "Assessment of groundwater contamination by chlorpyrifos using the PWC model in Valencia Region (Spain)." , no. : 1.
Land use in the nearby of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill can be strongly affected by the waste management tasks (transport, landfilling and closure). Effects extend from the phases prior to the construction of the landfill until years after the completion of the landfilling process in areas located beyond the perimeter of the plot occupied by the landfill. In this work a new methodology for the analysis of land use change over time is presented. The methodology is based on the use of a new environmental index named WEI (Weighted Environmental Index). WEI is based on the use of GIS techniques accounting for different information sources (digital cartography, aerial photographs and satellite images). WEI assigns environmental values to land use based on the degree of anthropogenic intervention and its occupation surface. A georeferenced multitemporal statistical analysis is performed considering the values of WEI previously assigned to every land use. The methodology has been applied to analyze the land use change near the main MSW landfills of Valencia Region (Spain) where landfilling is currently the only waste disposal technique available. Data have been obtained from the Spanish Land Occupation Information System (SIOSE) public database and integrate GIS information about land use/land cover on an extensive, high-detailed scale. Results demonstrate the application of the WEI to real case studies and the importance of integrating statistical analysis of WEI evolution over time to arrive at a better understanding of the socio-economic and environmental processes that induce land-use change.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Claudia P. Romero-Hernández; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Evaluation of the land use evolution near solid waste landfills using a new weighted environmental index based on GIS techniques. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Claudia P. Romero-Hernández, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Evaluation of the land use evolution near solid waste landfills using a new weighted environmental index based on GIS techniques. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Claudia P. Romero-Hernández; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2021. "Evaluation of the land use evolution near solid waste landfills using a new weighted environmental index based on GIS techniques." , no. : 1.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management activities are important tasks of both national and local governments, as they can induce significant impacts on the environment, the economy and the living quality of the population involved.
The optimal design of a MSW management plan depends greatly on the waste production values and its distribution over the territory, among others. For the optimal design of a MSW system the use of indicators is proposed. Indicators are defined as "the numerical expression, of non-dimensional character, obtained from the fusion of several environmental variables by means of specifically defined weighting criteria". In the scientific literature several proposals about indicators that are focused only on operational aspects of MSW management activities (collection, street cleaning, etc.) are found. Only a decade ago, some indicator groups have begun to emerge in different countries. Such indicators include, in addition to the operational context, social, economic or environmental aspects related to waste management.
The objective of the work has been to make a choice and proposal of a set of social, economic and environmental indicators related to waste management activities, which will allow the analysis of integrated management systems of solid urban waste, considering all the implications that the operations of production, collection, transport, separation, recovery and disposal of the waste suppose from the economic, social and environmental perspectives.
María-Luisa Carnero Pousa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Indicator-based proposal for the analysis of Municipal Solid Waste management systems . 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría-Luisa Carnero Pousa, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Indicator-based proposal for the analysis of Municipal Solid Waste management systems . . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-Luisa Carnero Pousa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2021. "Indicator-based proposal for the analysis of Municipal Solid Waste management systems ." , no. : 1.
PROPOSAL OF A CIRCULAR MODEL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF USABLE WASTE IN LOW-INCOME MUNICIPALITIES IN COLOMBIA
Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova 1, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri 2, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero 2, Paula-A. Bustos-Castro3
1 Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad de La Salle, Carrera 2 # 10-70, Piso 6-Bloque A, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia; [email protected]
2 Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected]; [email protected]
3 Quipus Consultores SAS, Carrera 8 # 16-36, 250010, Cota, Colombia; [email protected]
Waste reuse is a main activity included in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) system in Colombia. However, the economic costs related with these activities are not usually included within the service fee. Therefore, operators who perform reuse activities are not formalized or legally constituted and they do not always find a significant economic benefit. This on-going research raises a proposal for a circular model for usable waste in order to add value to the different stages that make up the recovery activity, generating social and environmental benefits.
The circular economy model for the reuse of waste has five phases: i) solid waste generation; ii) solid waste collection; iii) classification of solid waste in collection centers; iv) delivery to an external manager and v) reinstatement to the production chain, to finally return to the first stage.
The financial analysis of the circular economy model is also divided into five phases. In the first phase a basic calculation is made as a reference on the cost of the operation of the public cleaning service, the staff payment cost, the operation of the vehicle fleet and the cost of final waste disposal. In the second and third phases, two scenarios are raised regarding the state of the collection center in a municipality. Specifically, in the second phase, the scenario of a municipality that does not have a collection center or classification and utilization station is proposed. The investment in locating, adapting and building a collection center with different sizes is calculated. In the third phase, a scenario is proposed where a municipality already has a collection center, so the investment for its operation is calculated.
In the fourth phase, the scenarios proposed with the reference value are evaluated. Also, the behavior of production of usable waste and the fluctuation of values in the purchase and sale of this waste in low-income municipalities are determined.
Finally, in the fifth phase, a synthesis of the economic valuation is made, evaluating the scenarios for the municipalities, determining the amount of income and expenses.
Camilo Andres Vargas Terranova; Javier Rodrigo Ilarri; María Elena Rodrigo Clavero; Paula Andrea Bustos Castro. Proposal of a circular model for the management of usable waste in low-income municipalities in Colombia. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCamilo Andres Vargas Terranova, Javier Rodrigo Ilarri, María Elena Rodrigo Clavero, Paula Andrea Bustos Castro. Proposal of a circular model for the management of usable waste in low-income municipalities in Colombia. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamilo Andres Vargas Terranova; Javier Rodrigo Ilarri; María Elena Rodrigo Clavero; Paula Andrea Bustos Castro. 2021. "Proposal of a circular model for the management of usable waste in low-income municipalities in Colombia." , no. : 1.
For the first time, this paper introduces and describes a new Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) based on object-oriented models and GIS data. The index has been designed to integrate all the available information from extensive and detailed GIS databases. After the conceptual definition of the index has been justified, two applications for the regional and local scales of the WEI are shown. The applications analyze the evolution over time of the environmental value from land-use change for two different case studies in Spain: the Valencian Region and the L’Alcora municipality. Data have been obtained from the Spanish Land Occupation Information System (SIOSE) public database and integrate GIS information about land use/land cover on an extensive, high-detailed scale. Results demonstrate the application of the WEI to real case studies and the importance of integrating statistical analysis of WEI evolution over time to arrive at a better understanding of the socio-economic and environmental processes that induce land-use change.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Claudia Romero; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Land Use/Land Cover Assessment over Time Using a New Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) Based on an Object-Oriented Model and GIS Data. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10234 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Claudia Romero, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Land Use/Land Cover Assessment over Time Using a New Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) Based on an Object-Oriented Model and GIS Data. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Claudia Romero; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2020. "Land Use/Land Cover Assessment over Time Using a New Weighted Environmental Index (WEI) Based on an Object-Oriented Model and GIS Data." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10234.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas is formed under anaerobic conditions by decomposition of the organic matter present in waste. The estimation of biogas production, which depends fundamentally on the type of waste deposited in the landfill, is essential when designing the gas capture system and the possible generation of energy. BIOLEACH, a mathematical model for the real-time management of MSW landfills, enables the estimation of biogas generation based on the waste mix characteristics and the local meteorological conditions. This work studies the impact of installing selective organic matter collection systems on landfill biogas production. These systems reduce the content of food waste that will eventually be deposited in the landfill. Results obtained using BIOLEACH on a set of scenarios under real climate conditions in a real landfill located in the Region of Murcia (Spain) are shown. Results demonstrate that actual CH4 and CO2 production depends fundamentally on the monthly amount of waste stored in the landfill, its chemical composition and the availability and distribution of water inside the landfill mass.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1306 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2020. "Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1306.
Automatic interpolation of precipitation maps combining rain gauge and radar data has been done in the past but considering only the data collected at a given time interval. Since radar and rain gauge data are collected at short intervals, a natural extension of previous works is to account for temporal correlations and to include time into the interpolation process. In this work, rainfall is interpolated using data from the current time interval and the previous one. Interpolation is carried out using kriging with external drift, in which the radar rainfall estimate is the drift, and the mean precipitation is set to zero at the locations where the radar estimate is zero. The rainfall covariance is modeled as non-stationary in time, and the space system of reference moves with the storm. This movement serves to maximize the collocated correlation between consecutive time intervals. The proposed approach is analyzed for four episodes that took place in Catalonia (Spain). It is compared with three other approaches: (i) radar estimation, (ii) kriging with external drift using only the data from the same time interval, and (iii) kriging with external drift using data from two consecutive time intervals but not accounting for the displacement of the storm. The comparisons are performed using cross-validation. In all four episodes, the proposed approach outperforms the other three approaches. It is important to account for temporal correlation and use a Lagrangian system of coordinates that tracks the rainfall movement.
Eduardo Cassiraga; J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández; Marc Berenguer; Daniel Sempere-Torres; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Spatiotemporal Precipitation Estimation from Rain Gauges and Meteorological Radar Using Geostatistics. Mathematical Geosciences 2020, 53, 499 -516.
AMA StyleEduardo Cassiraga, J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández, Marc Berenguer, Daniel Sempere-Torres, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Spatiotemporal Precipitation Estimation from Rain Gauges and Meteorological Radar Using Geostatistics. Mathematical Geosciences. 2020; 53 (4):499-516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Cassiraga; J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández; Marc Berenguer; Daniel Sempere-Torres; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Precipitation Estimation from Rain Gauges and Meteorological Radar Using Geostatistics." Mathematical Geosciences 53, no. 4: 499-516.
The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) systems is essential to ensure the sustainability of plans, programs and policies. This works shows, for the first time in the scientific literature, a joint vision of the current situation of SEA systems in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama and the Dominican Republic. The analysis has been performed using data collected from an exhaustive review of the pre-existing literature and specific information obtained from personal interviews carried out during the SEA forum held in Bogotá in 2018. Legal mechanisms in the Central American and Caribbean region reveal that specific regulation is not necessary to apply and develop SEA systems. Little experience in SEA development in the region is evidenced in the absence of SEA methodologies adapted to the different contexts of policies, plans, programs and governance circumstances. SEA results’ dissemination procedures have been performed only in El Salvador and Costa Rica. Besides, results show that no monitoring mechanisms for the programs implemented under SEA processes have been applied to date. To ensure the future development of SEA processes in the region under sustainable criteria, it is essential to ensure the support of decision makers so that plans and policies can be properly adapted.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Lidibert González-González; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Eduardo Cassiraga. Advances in Implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Techniques in Central America and the Caribbean. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4039 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, Lidibert González-González, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, Eduardo Cassiraga. Advances in Implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Techniques in Central America and the Caribbean. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; Lidibert González-González; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Eduardo Cassiraga. 2020. "Advances in Implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Techniques in Central America and the Caribbean." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4039.
Terbuthylazine is commonly used as an herbicide to control weeds and prevent non-desirable grow of algae, fungi and bacteria in many agricultural applications. Despite its highly negative effects on human health, environmental modeling of this kind of pesticide in the vadose zone till reaching groundwater is still not being done on a regular basis. This work shows results obtained by two mathematical models (PESTAN and PRZM-GW) to explain terbuthylazine behavior in the non-saturated zone of a vertical soil column. One of the models use a one-dimensional analytical formulation to simulate the movement of terbuthylazine through the non-saturated soil to the phreatic surface. The second and more complex model uses a whole set of parameters to solve a modified version of the mass transport equation considering the combined effect of advection, dispersion and reactive transport processes. Both models have been applied as a case-study on a particular location in South Valencia Aquifer (Spain). A whole set of simulation scenarios have been designed to perform a parameter sensitivity analysis. Despite both models leading to terbuthylazine’s concentration values, numerical simulations show that PRZM-GW is able to reproduce concentration observations leading to much more accurately results than those obtained using PESTAN.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Eduardo Cassiraga; Leticia Ballesteros-Almonacid. Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Terbuthylazine Using Vadose Zone Numerical Models. Case Study of Valencia Province (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3280 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, Eduardo Cassiraga, Leticia Ballesteros-Almonacid. Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Terbuthylazine Using Vadose Zone Numerical Models. Case Study of Valencia Province (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Eduardo Cassiraga; Leticia Ballesteros-Almonacid. 2020. "Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Terbuthylazine Using Vadose Zone Numerical Models. Case Study of Valencia Province (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3280.
In this work a new environmental indicator for the analysis of land use change over time (ENV-IND) is presented. The ENV-IND indicator has been defined and assigned to every land use included on the SIOSE, the official Information System on Land Occupation of Spain. The methodology is based on assigning an ENV-IND value for every polygon considered by the SIOSE as a function of the areal percentage occupied by every land use inside each polygon.
SIOSE is integrated into the National Land Observation Plan (PNOT) whose objective is to generate a database of Land Occupation for all Spain, integrating all the information available from the regional and central Administration of Spain. The ENV-IND indicator has been defined for 80 different land use categories and its value depend in the joint consideration of the following factors: anthropization nature, water consumption, environmental sustainability and landscape value.
The evolution of the ENV-IND indicator over time has been obtained for the whole Valencia Region for three different dates (2005-2009-2015) and shows that the environmental value is decreasing with time in terms of the ENV-IND indicator. The ENV-IND indicator is therefore applicable as a tool to quantify and analyze trends of the environmental quality related with land use change.
María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Claudia-Patricia Romero-Hernández; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Land use evolution over time using public data and a new environmental indicator. Application to the Valencia region (Spain). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, Claudia-Patricia Romero-Hernández, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Land use evolution over time using public data and a new environmental indicator. Application to the Valencia region (Spain). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero; Claudia-Patricia Romero-Hernández; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. 2020. "Land use evolution over time using public data and a new environmental indicator. Application to the Valencia region (Spain)." , no. : 1.
Pronosticar la generación de residuos sólidos se ha convertido en un tema fundamental para dimensionar los elementos técnicos (generación, recolección, transporte, transferencia, uso y disposición final) y políticos (legislación, grupos de interés, sostenibilidad financiera) con respecto a la gestión integral de residuos sólidos en megaciudades. Para poder hacer este tipo de predicciones, es necesario diseñar modelos matemáticos que permitan el análisis de cada variable asociada con esta gestión, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades y necesidades locales de gestión de residuos.
Se pueden incluir varios modelos en cada etapa de la gestión integral de residuos sólidos urbanos. Actualmente, existen modelos que utilizan inteligencia artificial para pronosticar la generación de residuos sólidos urbanos, diseñar rutas de recolección y seleccionar el tipo de disposición final. Sin embargo, es necesario integrar estos modelos que respondan al contexto de cada población. Para lograr esto, es necesario conocer las características de cada ciudad, así como las diferentes variables implícitas dentro del proceso para desarrollar metodologías concretas, que se convierten en herramientas útiles para las administraciones municipales. Sin embargo, las metodologías existentes no incluyen un análisis de los impactos asociados con cada etapa del proceso de gestión de residuos, como criterio para seleccionar las mejores estrategias de gestión.
Therefore, this methodological proposal includes a stage to evaluate the possible impacts caused by the selected alternative, for which a life cycle analysis is proposed as a tool to determine possible environmental, economic and social impacts. This analysis will be carried out by gathering the corresponding information, as well as using specific software to obtain the data that feeds the model for subsequent decision-making.
Esta propuesta introduce diferentes tipos de modelos en cada etapa del proceso para obtener resultados integrales y más precisos con respecto a las necesidades de una megaciudad. La propuesta se basa en variables y datos reales de acuerdo con las particularidades de las ciudades, para minimizar los posibles errores en la toma de decisiones. Al introducir herramientas cuantitativas para analizar la gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos, la metodología propuesta omite posibles evaluaciones cualitativas o basadas en la percepción, lo que lleva a que los resultados obtenidos sean cada vez más realistas, ya que tienen en cuenta las necesidades reales de cada población.
Johanna Solano; David Orjuela Yepes; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Methodological analysis for decision-making regarding solid waste management in megacities. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJohanna Solano, David Orjuela Yepes, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Methodological analysis for decision-making regarding solid waste management in megacities. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohanna Solano; David Orjuela Yepes; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. 2020. "Methodological analysis for decision-making regarding solid waste management in megacities." , no. : 1.
IMPROVING THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF NEMOCÓN (COLOMBIA)
CAMILO-ANDRÉS VARGAS-TERRANOVA(1) and JAVIER RODRIGO-ILARRI(2)
(1)Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia ([email protected])
(2)Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y del Medio Ambiente (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain ([email protected])
ABSTRACT
The municipality of Nemocón (Colombia) located 45 km from Bogotá generates 810.3 t/year of municipal solid waste (MSW). Despite the Colombian national legal requirements, Nemocón Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) shows important deficiencies in the waste management system, especially concerning the final destination of waste.
During 2019 a set of activities have been performed in the town as an initial response to these needs with the participation of the community and local authorities. First, the design of the waste collection routes was analyzed and improved. Two routes were designed, supported by compacting vehicles with an average time of 3 hours (80 km per route) and 3 routes per week each. Besides, two shorter routes were designed for the collection of recyclable waste, supported by hand-drawn vehicles, with operating times of 6 hours (8-10 km per route) and daily routes.
With the support of students from the University of La Salle and the donation of an abandoned building, a Classification and Use Station (CUS) was implemented to strengthen the management of such recyclable waste. The CUS was provided with personal protection elements to improve their condition as managers of minor routes and the preliminary treatment of waste in the CUS, for later sale to wholesalers external managers.
Finally, a tax system was designed to finance the operation of the CUS (2500-2800 Euros/month) and promote greater separation volumes in the midterm, based on an adjustment to the normal payment made by the users for the service of waste collection and management. This system took into account the different types of users (commercial, industrial, residential and official), local socioeconomic scale and national economic variables. The increased rate varies between 1 and 1.5% for all users in the first year of increase.
Camilo Andrés Vargas Terranova; Javier Rodrigo Ilarri. Improving The Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan Of The Municipality Of Nemocón (Colombia). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleCamilo Andrés Vargas Terranova, Javier Rodrigo Ilarri. Improving The Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan Of The Municipality Of Nemocón (Colombia). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamilo Andrés Vargas Terranova; Javier Rodrigo Ilarri. 2020. "Improving The Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan Of The Municipality Of Nemocón (Colombia)." , no. : 1.
Predicting the fate of pesticides released into the natural environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize adverse effects far from the contamination source. These effects arise due to the movement of pesticides in surface water and can take place via drift, surface runoff and subsurface flow. A number of models have been developed to predict the behavior, mobility, and persistence of pesticides. These models should account for key hydrological processes, such as crop growth, pesticide application, transformation processes and field management practices.
In this work, Pesticide Water Calculator PWC model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is applied to simulate the fate and transport of pesticides in the unsaturated zone of an aquifer. The model is used to estimate the daily concentrations of pesticides in the Valencia aquifers (Spain). In these aquifers, pesticide concentration values have been found to be greater than the Maximum Concentration Levels (MCLs) established by Spanish Legislation.
The simulations carried out in this work address different environmental scenarios and include a sensitivity analysis of the parameters used in the model. Results of the PWC model provide a crucial first step towards the development of pesticide risk assessment in Valencia region. Results also show that numerical simulation is a valid tool for the analysis and prediction of the fate and transport of pollutants in soil and groundwater.
Ricardo Pérez Indoval; Eduardo Cassiraga; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Modelling fate and transport of pesticides: the case study of the contamination in Valencia aquifers. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleRicardo Pérez Indoval, Eduardo Cassiraga, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. Modelling fate and transport of pesticides: the case study of the contamination in Valencia aquifers. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Pérez Indoval; Eduardo Cassiraga; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri. 2020. "Modelling fate and transport of pesticides: the case study of the contamination in Valencia aquifers." , no. : 1.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management activities are an important tasks of both national and municipal governments as they can induce significant impacts on the environment, the economy and the living quality of the population involved.
The optimal design of a MSW management plan depends greatly on the waste production values and its distribution over the territory. This production depends mainly on the socioeconomic level of its inhabitants. On the scientific literature several studies have already been carried out, concluding that there exist a direct relationship between the waste production of a certain country or region and its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, if GDP increases, so will the rate of waste production, although not necessarily at the same rate.
The objective of the work was to carry out an evaluation of the future production of (MSW) within the V5 production area inside Valencia Region (Spain) in the 2012-2034 time horizon. The year 2011 was used as the starting point for the simulation as this was the last year in which the population census was taken. The correlation between the evolution of the economic growth indicators and the waste production indicators was analyzed. Results showed a linear correlation between all the variables studied so that variations in one of them are reflected in the same direction in the others.
María-Luisa Carnero-Pousa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Evaluation of future municipal solid waste production. Case study in Valencia region (Spain). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría-Luisa Carnero-Pousa, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Evaluation of future municipal solid waste production. Case study in Valencia region (Spain). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría-Luisa Carnero-Pousa; Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2020. "Evaluation of future municipal solid waste production. Case study in Valencia region (Spain)." , no. : 1.
Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the most relevant soil and groundwater pollution sources. Monitoring networks should be designed on the preliminary phases to guarantee that groundwater quality control is performed periodically over both the operation and post-closure phase of the landfill.
This work shows the results of a groundwater quality detailed monitoring campaign developed on a municipal solid waste landfill in Valencia Region (Spain). The sampling campaign included the continuous analysis over 11 boreholes of the following parameters: mineral oil, As, B, Ba, Cd, Chlorine, electric conductivity, TOC, total Cr, Cr VI, Cu, COD, phenols, fluorine, total P, Hg, hydrocarbons, Mo, total N, Ni, Pb, pH, Sb, Se, suspended solids, sulphates and Zn. Besides, the piezometric levels around the landfill were also controlled.
Despite there is no clear Spanish legislation concerning groundwater quality, results show that the evolution of groundwater quality over time is satisfactory, fulfilling the requirements of the American (USEPA) and European (Dutch) legislation standards.
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Detailed monitoring of groundwater quality near municipal solid waste landfills. Case study in Valencia region (Spain). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. Detailed monitoring of groundwater quality near municipal solid waste landfills. Case study in Valencia region (Spain). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Rodrigo-Ilarri; María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. 2020. "Detailed monitoring of groundwater quality near municipal solid waste landfills. Case study in Valencia region (Spain)." , no. : 1.