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China Scholarship Council, Ministry of Education, China
I am currently affiliated with Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan China. My current research interests include consumer behavior, food marketing, agricultural water management. and cross-border e-commerce. Previously, I have worked on issues such as food security, livestock health economics, risk management in agriculture, groundwater markets, resource use efficiency, women empowerment, child health and nutritional security, and sustainable development.
Project Goal: To build an innovative platform in Pakistan and China to promote cross-border e-commerce between the two countries.
Current Stage: Implementation
Policies centered to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic have created recessionary economic impacts. Adverse income shocks have caused malnutrition and food insecurity and have increased the need for food assistance. The present study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity and investigates the determinants of food security and coping strategies in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Data were collected through the internet and received responses from 370 respondents. The household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) model was applied to examine food insecurity, and a logit regression model was used to analyze its determining factors. The results illustrate that food insecurity substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Households’ demographics and socioeconomic factors have influence on food insecurity. Households with a large family size and people in quarantine found more food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, while financial assistance played a role in a decline in food insecurity. Households handle the negative income shocks by eating less preferred food and getting support from government and charity organizations. It is suggested that stakeholders and responsible institutes provide financial assistance to support low-income families in order to enhance food security. Furthermore, policymakers should strengthen social safety nets and aid programs such as the Ehsas income program in the province of the country.
Muhammad Shahzad; Ping Qing; Muhammad Rizwan; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Faisal. COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan. Healthcare 2021, 9, 621 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shahzad, Ping Qing, Muhammad Rizwan, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Faisal. COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (6):621.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shahzad; Ping Qing; Muhammad Rizwan; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Faisal. 2021. "COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan." Healthcare 9, no. 6: 621.
Consumer generally prefer produce with perfect/attractive appearance and reject unattractive produce (e.g., spotted apples, curved cucumbers), which results in global economic and sustainability issues. Researchers are making efforts to find strategies to reduce consumer or retailer waste of unattractive produce. This article aims to study the role of anthropomorphism communication in the marketing of unattractive produce and to identify an empathy-helping underlying psychological mechanism. Three experimental studies found that when unattractive produce is anthropomorphized, the situation of rejection evokes consumer empathy. Feelings of empathy drive consumers to accept and purchase unattractive produce. In addition, the positive effect of anthropomorphism on purchase intentions is moderated by popularity of unattractive produce (e.g., number of shoppers). The effect of anthropomorphism is strengthened when the produce is unpopular, and it is weakened when the produce is popular.
Tong Chen; Amar Razzaq; Ping Qing; Binbin Cao. Do you bear to reject them? The effect of anthropomorphism on empathy and consumer preference for unattractive produce. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2021, 61, 102556 .
AMA StyleTong Chen, Amar Razzaq, Ping Qing, Binbin Cao. Do you bear to reject them? The effect of anthropomorphism on empathy and consumer preference for unattractive produce. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2021; 61 ():102556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong Chen; Amar Razzaq; Ping Qing; Binbin Cao. 2021. "Do you bear to reject them? The effect of anthropomorphism on empathy and consumer preference for unattractive produce." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 61, no. : 102556.
Environmental issues are still challenging and of global concern. To improve the environmental consumption behavior of consumers, this study investigates whether the match between the promotion mode and product type can improve the conceptual fluency of consumers, so as to increase their purchase intention for green products. The results of three experiments reveal that the interaction between promotion mode and product type has a certain impact on the conceptual fluency of consumers, which can, in turn, promote their purchase intention. This research theoretically contributes to the research on green consumption by introducing promotion mode and revealing the mediation effect of conceptual fluency, it also provides some practical implications for alleviating environmental problems.
Jun Zou; Yifan Tang; Ping Qing; Han Li; Amar Razzaq. Donation or Discount: Effect of Promotion Mode on Green Consumption Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1912 .
AMA StyleJun Zou, Yifan Tang, Ping Qing, Han Li, Amar Razzaq. Donation or Discount: Effect of Promotion Mode on Green Consumption Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Zou; Yifan Tang; Ping Qing; Han Li; Amar Razzaq. 2021. "Donation or Discount: Effect of Promotion Mode on Green Consumption Behavior." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1912.
Micronutrient malnutrition, also known as hidden hunger, continues to affect more than 2 billion people globally. Biofortification, which is a process of breeding staple crops with improved micronutrient contents such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution in reducing hidden hunger. However, the success of these foods depends on consumer acceptance. In contrast to previous studies, this research focuses on the mechanism of consumer acceptance of biofortified crops that undergo physical changes (i.e., changes in appearance) after biofortification. We use data on 473 Chinese consumers collected through online surveys to examine their purchase intentions for biofortified foods that have visible (vs. invisible) nutrition traits. Using two online surveys, we conduct two studies to reveal the mechanism and antecedents of consumer acceptance of different biofortified foods. In Study 1, we find that consumer purchase intentions vary depending upon the visibility of nutrition traits in biofortified foods. Specifically, consumers exhibit a nutrition-related food neophobia (NFN) regardless of visibility of the nutrition trait in biofortified foods; and a sensory-affective food neophobia (SFN) which is only pronounced when the nutrition trait in biofortified foods is visible. The results of the mediation analysis show that for both types of biofortified foods, NFN mediates consumers’ purchasing intentions. For foods that involve visible changes after biofortification, SFN acts as an additional mediator of consumer purchase intentions. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, we find that both food neophobias have a negative impact on consumer acceptance of biofortified foods. The results of Study 2 confirm our findings and further show that nutrition information moderates the mediation of NFN and SFN, i.e., the negative impact of NFN and SFN on purchase intentions can be reduced by providing nutrition information to consumers. The results of this study have several theoretical and practical implications and are of interest to stakeholders and marketers in the promotion of biofortified foods.
Amar Razzaq; Yifan Tang; Ping Qing. Towards Sustainable Diets: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanism of Consumer Acceptance of Biofortified Foods and the Role of Nutrition Information. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1175 .
AMA StyleAmar Razzaq, Yifan Tang, Ping Qing. Towards Sustainable Diets: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanism of Consumer Acceptance of Biofortified Foods and the Role of Nutrition Information. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmar Razzaq; Yifan Tang; Ping Qing. 2021. "Towards Sustainable Diets: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanism of Consumer Acceptance of Biofortified Foods and the Role of Nutrition Information." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1175.
Grain banks are an organizational innovation and unique phenomenon in China that help reduce food losses and food security costs. It collects scattered food from the farming community into centralized storage and circulates it, thereby realizing asset mobilization and appreciation. This article first elaborates on the definition, function, and evolution of China’s grain banks through a literature review. Then, we used survey data of face-to-face interviews and field visits to a grain bank company in Hubei Province to analyze the economic rationale of grain bank development, including micro and macro conditions of grain bank development and its operating mechanisms. In addition, from the perspective of key stakeholders such as farmers, grain bank companies, and the government, we also studied the challenges of grain banks. We found that, in addition to providing many economic and social benefits in the form of food security and improved farmer income, grain banks still face many challenges in the new era. These include the ambiguity of property rights, lack of institutional structure, low efficiency of state-owned grain banks, and exploitation of loopholes by grain dealers. We propose to implement the supply-side reforms, clarify property rights, improve the supervision and management of grain banks, promote the privatization of grain banks, and take advantage of rural finance to realize the industrialization of the whole sector.
Teng Li; Deyi Zhou; Amar Razzaq; Qing Wang. Rethinking the Role of Grain Banks in China’s Agriculture. Agriculture 2021, 11, 49 .
AMA StyleTeng Li, Deyi Zhou, Amar Razzaq, Qing Wang. Rethinking the Role of Grain Banks in China’s Agriculture. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (1):49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeng Li; Deyi Zhou; Amar Razzaq; Qing Wang. 2021. "Rethinking the Role of Grain Banks in China’s Agriculture." Agriculture 11, no. 1: 49.
Purpose This study aims to determine the current state of implementation and effectiveness of education for sustainable development (ESD) in Pakistani higher education institutions (HEIs) using students’ and teachers’ perceptions of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A survey on teachers and students was conducted in public and private universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Data from 1,915 students and 120 teachers were collected through semi-structured questionnaires implemented during face-to-face interviews. Students were asked to rank social, environmental and economic indicators of sustainability consciousness (SC) on a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation model and regression model are used to analyze the data. The perceptions of students and teachers were assessed from their knowledge of sustainability. Findings The occurrence of ESD in Pakistani HEIs is low and teachers have inadequate knowledge of sustainability. The holistic approach to ESD has a more pronounced effect on students’ SC as compared to the pluralistic approach to ESD. Also, there is a correlation between the students’ grades/class and the effectiveness of ESD. There is a need to pay more attention to implement ESD for undergraduate students in Pakistani HEIs. Originality/value The study stands out for using cross-sectional data from public and private universities of Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Pakistan which attempts to investigate the effectiveness of ESD in terms of students’ SC.
Zulkaif Ahmed Saqib; Qingyu Zhang; Jin Ou; Khubaib Ahmad Saqib; Salman Majeed; Amar Razzaq. Education for sustainable development in Pakistani higher education institutions: an exploratory study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 2020, 21, 1 .
AMA StyleZulkaif Ahmed Saqib, Qingyu Zhang, Jin Ou, Khubaib Ahmad Saqib, Salman Majeed, Amar Razzaq. Education for sustainable development in Pakistani higher education institutions: an exploratory study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2020; 21 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulkaif Ahmed Saqib; Qingyu Zhang; Jin Ou; Khubaib Ahmad Saqib; Salman Majeed; Amar Razzaq. 2020. "Education for sustainable development in Pakistani higher education institutions: an exploratory study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, no. 6: 1.
Amar Razzaq. Farmers’ perception and awareness regarding constraints and strategies to control livestock diseases. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAmar Razzaq. Farmers’ perception and awareness regarding constraints and strategies to control livestock diseases. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmar Razzaq. 2020. "Farmers’ perception and awareness regarding constraints and strategies to control livestock diseases." , no. : 1.
Due to rapid population growth, water scarcity and food insecurity have become the major problems for Pakistan. Therefore, the efficient utilization of limited resources such as water is very important in agriculture. Paddy or rice—Pakistan’s second most important cereal and staple crop—is a water-intensive crop. The present study aims to estimate the water use efficiency, profitability, and consumer preferences of different paddy varieties such as basmati, coarse and hybrid rice in Punjab. To this end, we collected field survey data from 330 rice growers in six districts of the rice–wheat zone of Punjab. The results showed that basmati rice is more profitable due to low production cost and higher prices. Although the number of irrigations applied to basmati rice and coarse rice was higher than that of hybrid rice, the amount of water applied to hybrid rice was the highest. Therefore, the total irrigation cost of hybrid rice is higher, while the coarse rice has higher water productivity. Furthermore, the economic productivity of water applied to basmati rice and coarse rice is higher than that of hybrid rice. Consumer preferences based on data from 150 consumers indicate that basmati rice is a favorite of consumers and that hybrid rice is the least popular. These results imply that it is better to grow basmati or coarse rice than hybrid rice due to water shortages in Pakistan. Another approach is to replace these varieties with alternative crops such as corn and soybeans that require less water.
Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Ashfaq; Amar Razzaq; Qamar Ali. Comparison of water use efficiency, profitability and consumer preferences of different rice varieties in Punjab, Pakistan. Paddy and Water Environment 2019, 18, 273 -282.
AMA StyleMuhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer, Muhammad Ashfaq, Amar Razzaq, Qamar Ali. Comparison of water use efficiency, profitability and consumer preferences of different rice varieties in Punjab, Pakistan. Paddy and Water Environment. 2019; 18 (1):273-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Ashfaq; Amar Razzaq; Qamar Ali. 2019. "Comparison of water use efficiency, profitability and consumer preferences of different rice varieties in Punjab, Pakistan." Paddy and Water Environment 18, no. 1: 273-282.
Women’s land ownership plays a noteworthy role in improving various development indicators, including her own wellbeing and children’s food and nutrition security. However, the literature linking women’s access to land rights to the nutritional security of children in Pakistan is limited, even though it is a country facing enormous challenges of childhood malnutrition and gender discrimination. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the benefits of empowering women by studying the association and pathways between women’s land rights and child nutrition, using the 2012–2013 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results indicate that women’s individual land ownership and women’s autonomy in large-scale family purchases have a positive impact on children’s food and nutrition security (FNS). The results of quantile regression (QR) show that these effects are more pronounced in cases of children with severe stunted growth. In addition, a structural equation model shows that the positive relationship between women’s land ownership and child nutrition is partially mediated by women’s increased decision-making power in large-scale household purchases. Our research concludes that ensuring women’s land rights can improve women’s autonomy, which can be an effective policy tool that not only improves women’s welfare but also improves their children’s nutritional security.
Azka Rehman; Qing Ping; Amar Razzaq. Pathways and Associations between Women’s Land Ownership and Child Food and Nutrition Security in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3360 .
AMA StyleAzka Rehman, Qing Ping, Amar Razzaq. Pathways and Associations between Women’s Land Ownership and Child Food and Nutrition Security in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzka Rehman; Qing Ping; Amar Razzaq. 2019. "Pathways and Associations between Women’s Land Ownership and Child Food and Nutrition Security in Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3360.
Agriculture is the mainstay of Pakistan’s economy. However, it has been noticed that farmers are increasingly giving up agriculture in favor of non-agricultural activities. This study was conducted in the Khairpur district of Sindh province, which is part of the Indus Plains in Pakistan. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the current and future land use change (LUC) trends and to study farmers’ perceptions of the causes and consequences of LUC and agricultural land abandonment (ALA) in the study area. The study used field survey data and secondary data obtained from the government sources. The results show that agricultural land in the region has decreased by about 9% in the past two decades. Survey data analysis confirms this because more than 80% of farmers believe that agricultural land in the area has declined over time. In addition, farmers believe that socioeconomic and environmental changes are the main reasons for LUC and ALA. We used a logistic regression model to determine the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to sell agricultural land for other uses. The results show that the age, income, land ownership, farm inheritance by successors, social networks and lack of basic facilities in the study area are the main determinants of farmers’ decisions to sell agricultural lands. In particular, farmers’ integration into the social network and their belief that the farm will be inherited by heirs reduces the possibility of selling land. As for the consequences of LUC and ALA, the results indicate that farmland prices, weeds infestation, urban diffusion, and pressure on existing infrastructure have increased in the study area. In addition, the results show that the prospects of farming in the area remain grim as most farmers indicated that they were willing to abandon agricultural lands in favor of other revenue generation activities. The study suggests that policymakers should pay close attention to controlling rapid LUC and ALA to keep lands green.
Habibullah Rajpar; Anlu Zhang; Amar Razzaq; Khalid Mehmood; Maula Bux Pirzado; Weiyan Hu. Agricultural Land Abandonment and Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Use Change in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Province. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4663 .
AMA StyleHabibullah Rajpar, Anlu Zhang, Amar Razzaq, Khalid Mehmood, Maula Bux Pirzado, Weiyan Hu. Agricultural Land Abandonment and Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Use Change in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Province. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabibullah Rajpar; Anlu Zhang; Amar Razzaq; Khalid Mehmood; Maula Bux Pirzado; Weiyan Hu. 2019. "Agricultural Land Abandonment and Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Use Change in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Province." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4663.
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has recently received increasing attention from researchers and the business community. Due to globalization and changing consumption patterns, agri-food industries have undergone a transformation, and the sustainability of agri-food supply chains has also received greater attention. However, the issues of SSCM at the upstream level of the supply chain in agri-food industries have not been adequately empirically studied. This paper aims to list key issues or constraints in the production and marketing through farmers’ group discussions, supplemented by the literature, and empirically identifies key constraints to SSCM of the citrus industry in Pakistan. The paper used cross-sectional data from 300 farmers involved in the production and marketing of citrus in Punjab, Pakistan. Farmers were asked to answer on a Likert scale data about potential constraints identified from the literature and farmers’ group discussions. Kendell’s coefficient of concordance and the mean ranking technique was used to rank and to identify the critical constraints in the production and marketing of citrus. In addition, factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used for the grouping of these constraints. In production constraints, factors, such as fertilizer, pesticide, and seed quality, climate change, high production cost, and agricultural labor performance, are important. These constraints are aligned with some key marketing factors, such as packaging, grading, and storage facilities. The findings convey messages for policymakers to solve these issues and challenges at the upstream level of the SSCM chain in the citrus and related agri-food industries.
Muhammad Naseer; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sarfraz Hassan; Azhar Abbas; Amar Razzaq; Mubashir Mehdi; Anoma Ariyawardana; Mumtaz Anwar. Critical Issues at the Upstream Level in Sustainable Supply Chain Management of Agri-Food Industries: Evidence from Pakistan’s Citrus Industry. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1326 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Naseer, Muhammad Ashfaq, Sarfraz Hassan, Azhar Abbas, Amar Razzaq, Mubashir Mehdi, Anoma Ariyawardana, Mumtaz Anwar. Critical Issues at the Upstream Level in Sustainable Supply Chain Management of Agri-Food Industries: Evidence from Pakistan’s Citrus Industry. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Naseer; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sarfraz Hassan; Azhar Abbas; Amar Razzaq; Mubashir Mehdi; Anoma Ariyawardana; Mumtaz Anwar. 2019. "Critical Issues at the Upstream Level in Sustainable Supply Chain Management of Agri-Food Industries: Evidence from Pakistan’s Citrus Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1326.
Pakistani farmers are using groundwater at an increasing rate to supplement their irrigation needs. This practice has led to overexploitation of groundwater in the country, resulting in many negative externalities and increased resource costs. In response to the growing water shortage, the informal groundwater markets in the arid and semi-arid regions of Punjab have gradually emerged. These markets are believed to improve the fair distribution of groundwater and encourage more efficient use of agricultural water. This study aims to investigate these claims through conducting a field survey of 120 farmers that are further divided into three groups i.e. buyers, self-users cum sellers, and self-users (control group). Further, the study employed a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to estimate the water use efficiency of all three type of groundwater actors. The study findings show that water buyers are mostly small farmers who do not own tube wells, hence buy water from tube well owners (large farmers). The study also found that groundwater markets improve the equity of water access to some extent, as water is transferred from large farmers to small farmers. The results of DEA analysis show water buyers and water sellers are more efficient in using water than the control group, making buyers the most efficient of all groups. Therefore, participation in water markets appears to be improving the WUE of farmers. The results of single bootstrapped truncated regression show that participation in water markets and access to extension services can improve WUE, while off-farm income and the diesel tube wells can reduce WUE in the study area. However, government could play an important role here through introducing groundwater regulations and improving water use efficiency for sustainable and equitable distribution of water among water users.
Amar Razzaq; Ping Qing; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Abid; Mumtaz Anwar; Iqbal Javed. Can the informal groundwater markets improve water use efficiency and equity? Evidence from a semi-arid region of Pakistan. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 666, 849 -857.
AMA StyleAmar Razzaq, Ping Qing, Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer, Muhammad Abid, Mumtaz Anwar, Iqbal Javed. Can the informal groundwater markets improve water use efficiency and equity? Evidence from a semi-arid region of Pakistan. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 666 ():849-857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmar Razzaq; Ping Qing; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Abid; Mumtaz Anwar; Iqbal Javed. 2019. "Can the informal groundwater markets improve water use efficiency and equity? Evidence from a semi-arid region of Pakistan." Science of The Total Environment 666, no. : 849-857.
Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers.
Shoaib Akhtar; Gu-Cheng Li; Adnan Nazir; Amar Razzaq; Raza Ullah; Muhammad Faisal; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Haseeb Raza. Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18, 460 -470.
AMA StyleShoaib Akhtar, Gu-Cheng Li, Adnan Nazir, Amar Razzaq, Raza Ullah, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer, Muhammad Haseeb Raza. Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2019; 18 (2):460-470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShoaib Akhtar; Gu-Cheng Li; Adnan Nazir; Amar Razzaq; Raza Ullah; Muhammad Faisal; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Muhammad Haseeb Raza. 2019. "Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 2: 460-470.
Agricultural production faces several types of risk, and risk management tools vary by place, season, and crop type. Most farmers use multiple risk-minimizing tools to reduce the effects of various hazards. However, previous research has overlooked the potential connections between different risk management tool utilization decisions. This study examines farmers’ decisions of adopting risk management tools (contract farming and precautionary savings) and investigates the impacts of various factors on farmers’ risk management decisions by using bivariate and multinomial probit models. The study was carried out in four different agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh with 350 farmers chosen through multistage stratified random sampling procedures. The findings revealed that the farmers’ decisions towards adopting risk management tools are correlated, and the adoption of one risk management tool may induce farmers to adopt other risk management tools at that time. Moreover, the results revealed that age, education, income, and land ownership are the major factors affecting the adoption of risk management tools, and most farmers are risk-averse in nature. Both models provide interpretation and information for the development of a better understanding of the current situation of rural farm households, which may serve as a platform for policymakers who are anticipating appropriate risk management tools for the farmers.
K M Mehedi Adnan; Liu Ying; Swati Anindita Sarker; Muhammad Hafeez; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Haseeb Raza. Adoption of Contract Farming and Precautionary Savings to Manage the Catastrophic Risk of Maize Farming: Evidence from Bangladesh. Sustainability 2018, 11, 29 .
AMA StyleK M Mehedi Adnan, Liu Ying, Swati Anindita Sarker, Muhammad Hafeez, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Haseeb Raza. Adoption of Contract Farming and Precautionary Savings to Manage the Catastrophic Risk of Maize Farming: Evidence from Bangladesh. Sustainability. 2018; 11 (1):29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK M Mehedi Adnan; Liu Ying; Swati Anindita Sarker; Muhammad Hafeez; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Haseeb Raza. 2018. "Adoption of Contract Farming and Precautionary Savings to Manage the Catastrophic Risk of Maize Farming: Evidence from Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 29.
Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential estimation methods for the empirical analysis. The study provides new insights for migration in Pakistan. First, migrant workers are better off in their new urban settings in terms of improved incomes and living conditions, but their social protection status is still poor. Second, the results of the employment quality models show that migration is a successful strategy for rural households to improve the quality of their employment. In addition, the characteristics of migrants and native households affect the relative improvement in the quality of employment and migrants’ conditions. Third, the results of the propensity score matching technique suggest that migration has a positive impact on rural households’ income, and these impacts are more pronounced in large cities. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should invest in quality education in rural areas, and ensure that social security schemes are provided for migrant workers in urban areas.
Umar Mukhtar; Zhangbao Zhong; Beihai Tian; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Tayyaba Hina. Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4281 .
AMA StyleUmar Mukhtar, Zhangbao Zhong, Beihai Tian, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer, Tayyaba Hina. Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmar Mukhtar; Zhangbao Zhong; Beihai Tian; Amar Razzaq; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Tayyaba Hina. 2018. "Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4281.
Sellers’ responses to online negative consumer reviews (NCRs) have a marked effect on consumer purchasing intentions. In this study, we divide seller's responses to NCRs into two categories: rational responses and emotional responses. Through two separate studies, we examine the impact of sellers’ responses to online NCRs on consumer purchasing intention. Results reveal that product‐related NCRs reduce consumer purchasing intentions more than service‐related NCRs and having no reaction to NCRs from the sellers decreases consumer purchasing intentions. In addition, consumer trust mediates the relationship between seller's response to online NCRs and consumer purchasing intentions. The results also show that the impact on consumer purchasing intentions can be modified by the type of NCRs and sellers’ responses. In particular, rational responses will be more effective for product‐related NCRs, and for service‐related NCRs, there does not appear to exist a significant difference between the effects of rational and emotional responses.
Ping Qing; Heng Huang; Amar Razzaq; Yifan Tang; Ming Tu. Impacts of sellers’ responses to online negative consumer reviews: Evidence from an agricultural product. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 2018, 66, 587 -597.
AMA StylePing Qing, Heng Huang, Amar Razzaq, Yifan Tang, Ming Tu. Impacts of sellers’ responses to online negative consumer reviews: Evidence from an agricultural product. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie. 2018; 66 (4):587-597.
Chicago/Turabian StylePing Qing; Heng Huang; Amar Razzaq; Yifan Tang; Ming Tu. 2018. "Impacts of sellers’ responses to online negative consumer reviews: Evidence from an agricultural product." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 66, no. 4: 587-597.
The rate of urbanization in Pakistan especially in Punjab is quite high. The reason behind this is the high population growth that is about 2.4 percent in the last decade. This causes a burden on the farm size and in rural areas people have no choice except to move in the urban areas for their livelihood. The main objective of this study was to identify the key influential factors that affect the decision to migrate. Study evaluated the impact of economic, social, demographic, natural and climatic factors on the welfare of the migrants and non-migrant’s households. For this purpose, an extensive survey from 504 respondents was carried out in four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Due to the dichotomous nature of the dependent variable i.e. migrant and non-migrant, logistic regression was employed on the collected data using Stata. Results revealed that unemployment, educational and health facilities, family conflicts, small farm size for agricultural activities, and greater family size are the main influencing factors affecting migration decision from rural to urban areas. This creates the strong implications i.e. putting burden on the urban areas due to the high rate of urbanization. So, it is however recommended to stem down the rate of migration all necessary facilities should be provided in the rural areas and Agro-based must be set up near the rural areas providing employment opportunities for the rural dwellers.
Umar Mukhtar; Zhong Zhangbao; Tian Beihai; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Amar Razzaq; Tayyaba Hina. Implications of Decreasing Farm Size on Urbanization: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Social Science Studies 2018, 5, 71 .
AMA StyleUmar Mukhtar, Zhong Zhangbao, Tian Beihai, Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer, Amar Razzaq, Tayyaba Hina. Implications of Decreasing Farm Size on Urbanization: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Social Science Studies. 2018; 5 (2):71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmar Mukhtar; Zhong Zhangbao; Tian Beihai; Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer; Amar Razzaq; Tayyaba Hina. 2018. "Implications of Decreasing Farm Size on Urbanization: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan." Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 2: 71.
| The growing demand for water resources highlights the need for improved management of this diminishing resource to ensure high water productivity. In order to cope with this situation, it is imperative to make use of available water resources more efficiently through high-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIs). The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab province of Pakistan. We also measured and compared the water productivity of modern and conventional-irrigated farms. We used primary data collected from 120 farmers located in Nurpur Thal, Bhalwal, Sargodha and Lodhran districts of Punjab province. These areas were purposively selected based on relatively higher concentration of HEI infrastructures installed on the farms. Sprinkler irrigation system was mainly installed on wheat crop while the drip irrigation systems were installed on mango orchards. Therefore, one half of the sample consisted of modern and conventional farmers growing wheat crop and the other half of the sample consisted of modern and conventional farmers growing mango orchards. Economic analysis measures of benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and net present value (NPV) were estimated. The results of the study showed that the users of high-efficiency irrigation systems (sprinkler and drip irrigation) earned higher gross margins. The BCR and NPV values showed that installation of HEI systems was an economically feasible option. In addition, water productivity at modern farms was higher than those of conventional farms. Our results showed that most of the farmers using HEIs were large farmers, therefore, we suggest that policy interventions should be directed at increasing the adoption rates among small farmers. This could be done by spreading awareness among the farmers about the economic benefits offered by HEIs.
Amar Razzaq; Abdur Rehman; Abdul Hassan Qureshi; Iqbal Javed; Raheel Saqib; Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal. An Economic Analysis of High Efficiency Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 2018, 34, 1 .
AMA StyleAmar Razzaq, Abdur Rehman, Abdul Hassan Qureshi, Iqbal Javed, Raheel Saqib, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal. An Economic Analysis of High Efficiency Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2018; 34 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmar Razzaq; Abdur Rehman; Abdul Hassan Qureshi; Iqbal Javed; Raheel Saqib; Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal. 2018. "An Economic Analysis of High Efficiency Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan." Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 34, no. 4: 1.