This study examined the immediate effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups on isokinetic strength, endurance, and body balance in 50 football players. Data collection spanned four sessions, each separated by full rest. The isokinetic strength of the hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension was measured using a dynamometer at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s. Endurance was assessed at 240°/s through 25 repetitions, analyzing peak torque changes. On the first day, participants performed general warm-ups followed by balance and strength tests. Subsequent sessions repeated these tests with additional measurements. Results showed that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups significantly improved the static and dynamic balance compared to other methods. Peak torque measurements at all speeds also highlighted the superior effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups. Additionally, this warm-up approach provided greater acute enhancement in knee joint isokinetic endurance. In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups increased the isokinetic strength, endurance, and balance in football players. Incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups into football training especially for lower body preparation is recommended. Combining them with active warm-ups may further boost acute performance.

Context: The rehabilitation of disabled athletes is a critical area of research aimed at improving athletes’ performance and well-being. This bibliometric analysis examines scientific studies related to the rehabilitation of disabled athletes, focusing on trends, authors, publications and interdisciplinary collaborations. Objective: This study seeks to provide quantitative and qualitative insights into the trends, interdisciplinary collaborations, and significant contributions in the rehabilitation of disabled athletes. Design: Bibliometric analysis of 660 scientific publications related to the rehabilitation of disabled athletes, from 1975 to 2023. Setting: The analysis reveals that research in this field is multidisciplinary, encompassing sports, medicine, rehabilitation and education. Studies focused on disabled athletes and their rehabilitation. Intervention: Rehabilitation plays a vital role in disabled athletes’ lives, aiding in injury recovery and enhancing overall health and performance. Results: The United States leads in research output. Collaborative networks among authors are evident, indicating joint research efforts. Identification of research trends, prominent authors Bartosz Molik and Natalia Morgulec-Adamowicz), collaborative networks and common keywords (e.g., adaptive sports, disability, rehabilitation). Keywords such as adaptive sports, disability and rehabilitation are frequently mentioned, reflecting the focus of research. Conclusions: The rehabilitation of disabled athletes is a growing field with significant contributions from researchers worldwide. Collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary approaches are essential for advancing knowledge and improving the lives of disabled athletes.

Football is a popular sport on a global scale, and injuries sustained by football players have become a significant concern for sports physicians and researchers. Among these injuries, knee injuries are a commonly encountered problem in football players with long-term effects. This paper aims to perform a visual mapping and a bibliometric analysis of research on knee injuries in football, examining the current state and research trends. For this purpose, all publications from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), and Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) within the Web of Science database were analysed. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was utilised for visualising bibliometric data. A total of 2159 publications were included in the study. The analysis covers publication year, authors, citation counts, and distributions among publishing journals. Authors, institutions, and international relationships were investigated, and keyword analysis, bibliometric coupling, and co-citation network analyses were conducted. The findings reveal that the United States and Australia are the countries with the highest number of publications. From 2018, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications. Citation and publication counts reached their peak in 2021. Turkey takes the 28^th rank in terms of citation and centrality. The keywords “soccer,” “football,” “knee”, and “anterior cruciate ligament” were found to be intensively used with high centrality. In conclusion, visual mapping through bibliometric analysis highlights the magnitude and diversity of research in the field of knee injuries in football. It emphasises the need for further studies in this area for future researchers, shedding light on important research areas. Moreover, it provides insights into the prevention of such injuries in football players and the development of effective treatment strategies by fostering more knowledge and understanding of knee injuries. Fußball ist weltweit eine beliebte Sportart, und Verletzungen von Fußballspielern sind zu einer bedeutenden Sorge für Sportmediziner und Forscher geworden. Unter diesen Verletzungen sind Knieverletzungen ein häufig auftretendes Problem mit langfristigen Auswirkungen. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, eine visuelle Kartierung und eine bibliometrische Analyse der Forschung zu Knieverletzungen im Fußball durchzuführen, um den aktuellen Stand und die Forschungstrends zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden alle Veröffentlichungen aus dem Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), dem Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), dem Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) und dem Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) innerhalb der Web-of-Science-Datenbank analysiert. Vosviewer 1.6.18 wurde zur Visualisierung bibliometrischer Daten verwendet. Insgesamt wurden 2159 Veröffentlichungen in die Studie einbezogen. Die Analyse umfasste das Veröffentlichungsjahr, die Autoren, die Zitationszahlen und die Verteilung in den veröffentlichenden Zeitschriften. Autoren, Institutionen und internationale Beziehungen wurden untersucht, und es wurden Schlüsselwortanalysen, bibliometrische Kopplungen und Co-Zitationsnetzwerkanalysen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Vereinigten Staaten und Australien die Länder mit der höchsten Anzahl von Veröffentlichungen sind. Ab 2018 ist eine deutliche Zunahme der Veröffentlichungen zu verzeichnen. Zitations- und Veröffentlichungszahlen erreichten 2021 ihren Höhepunkt. Die Türkei belegt den 28. Platz in Bezug auf Zitation und Zentralität. Die Schlüsselwörter „soccer“, „football“, „knee“ und „anterior cruciate ligament“ wurden intensiv verwendet und wiesen eine hohe Zentralität auf. Zusammenfassend hebt die visuelle Kartierung durch die bibliometrische Analyse das Ausmaß und die Vielfalt der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Knieverletzungen im Fußball hervor. Sie betont die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien in diesem Bereich für zukünftige Forscher und wirft Licht auf wichtige Forschungsbereiche. Darüber hinaus bietet sie Einblicke in die Prävention solcher Verletzungen bei Fußballspielern und die Entwicklung wirksamer Behandlungsstrategien durch Förderung von mehr Wissen und Verständnis für Knieverletzungen. Received: 20 November 2023 Accepted after revision: 30 May 2024 Article published online: 16 August 2024 © 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Background: Firefighters are frequently exposed to high physical demands, making them especially vulnerable to musculoskeletal injuries. Understanding the scientific landscape surrounding this issue is vital for guiding preventive strategies and improving occupational health outcomes. Objectıve: This study aims to examine the scholarly evolution of research on musculoskeletal injuries among firefighters. It identifies dominant research clusters, high-impact authors, collaboration patterns, and thematic concentrations through a bibliometric analysis. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using 152 peer-reviewed publications indexed in the web of science core collection between 1975 and September 2025. Vosviewer software was utilized to create visualizations of co-authorship, co-citation, keyword co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling networks. A minimum occurrence threshold of five was set for keyword inclusion. Data were evaluated based on frequency, link strength, and temporal trends. Results: A significant increase in scholarly output was observed after 2010, with a peak in 2023 in both publication count and citation rates. Frequently occurring keywords included “firefighters”, “musculoskeletal injury”, “occupational health”, and “injury prevention”. density visualizations revealed core themes centered on work-related injury risks, rehabilitation protocols, and tactical preparedness. Conclusıons: The research landscape on firefighter musculoskeletal injuries has expanded considerably in both scope and academic impact. The field shows increasing interdisciplinary integration, notably between occupational health, rehabilitation science, and emergency response research. These findings highlight the importance of sustained, intervention-based research to reduce injury rates and support long-term workforce sustainability.

This study investigates the relationship between the persistence of primitive reflexes and motor skill development in children with and without developmental disabilities. A total of 32 children aged 4–6 years (16 with developmental disabilities and 16 typically developing) were included. Seven primitive reflexes Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Right/Left, Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Flexion/Extension, Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex Flexion/Extension, and the Moro Reflex-were assessed through standardized protocols. Motor skills including balance, locomotor skills ability, object control and fine motor skills coordination were evaluated using the MOT 4-6 test. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Children with Special Needs demonstrated significantly higher levels of primitive reflex activity and lower motor skill scores compared to typically developing peers. A strong negative correlation was found between reflex persistence and overall motor skill performance (r=–0.67, p<0.01), particularly in the balance and fine motor skills domains. The persistence of primitive reflexes appears to hinder neuromotor development, emphasizing the need for early screening and interventions to promote reflex integration that promote reflex integration and motor functioning in children with developmental delays.

The aim of this study was to compare the injured body regions that elite Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers suffered from and to determine the importance of injuries. 41 Freestyle and 51 Greco-Roman wrestlers, who were practicing in Turkish National Wrestling Team camps, participated in this study. ‘Chi Square’ and student t tests were used in statistical analyses. When examined injury status and body regions distribution between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers, significant difference was found in head and trunk injuries according to wrestling styles (p0.05). There was significant difference in trunk and upper extremity injuries with respect to weight category (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Significant difference was also found in nose injuries according to wrestling styles (p<0.05). When examined wrestling style and upper extremity injuries according to the number of injuries, there was found significant difference between two styles in muscle injuries, finger and wrist injuries (p<0.05). The difference between toe injuries in respect to the wrestling style was statistically significant (p<0.05). Results: Greco-Roman wrestlers experienced more injuries in trunk, head and nose compared to Freestyle wrestlers. Trunk, lower and upper extremity injuries varied depending on weight categories. Neck, back, lumbar and chest injuries were more common in Greco-Roman wrestlers. Freestyle wrestlers were more vulnerable to muscle injuries while Greco-Roman wrestlers were more vulnerable to finger and wrist injuries. It is recommended to improve some abilities excellently such as aerobic power, strength, balance and neuro-motor coordination in wrestling. Techniques should be taught well to the wrestlers, most risky extremities for injury have to be applied extra training and these extremities should be protected from injuries by several tapes, bandages or gears during exercise. Freestyle wrestlers ought to be more careful in diving move. Using ear protector in addition to preventive measures can be recommended during training in order to prevent temporal bone fractures and swellings. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die verletzten Körperregionen, unter denen Elite-Freestyle- und griechisch-römische Wrestler litten, zu vergleichen und die Bedeutung von Verletzungen zu bestimmen. 41 Freestyle- und 51 griechisch-römische Wrestler, die in Lagern der türkischen Wrestling-Nationalmannschaft trainierten, nahmen an dieser Studie teil. In statistischen Analysen wurden Chi-Quadrat- und Studententests verwendet. Bei der Untersuchung des Verletzungsstatus und der Verteilung der Körperregionen zwischen Freestyle- und griechisch-römischen Wrestlern wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied bei Kopf- und Rumpfverletzungen nach Wrestling-Stilen festgestellt (p0,05). Es gab signifikante Unterschiede bei Verletzungen des Rumpfes und der oberen Extremitäten in Bezug auf die Gewichtsklasse (p<0,05 und p<0,001). Ein signifikanter Unterschied wurde auch bei Nasenverletzungen nach Wrestling-Stilen festgestellt (p<0,05). Bei der Untersuchung des Wrestling-Stils und der Verletzungen der oberen Extremitäten gemäß der Anzahl der Verletzungen wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen zwei Stilen bei Muskelverletzungen, Finger- und Handgelenksverletzungen, festgestellt (p<0,05). Der Unterschied zwischen Zehenverletzungen in Bezug auf den Wrestling-Stil war statistisch signifikant (p<0,05). Ergebnisse: Griechisch-römische Wrestler erlitten im Vergleich zu Freestyle-Wrestlern mehr Verletzungen an Rumpf, Kopf und Nase. Verletzungen des Rumpfes, der unteren und oberen Extremitäten variierten je nach Gewichtsklasse. Nacken-, Rücken-, Lenden- und Brustverletzungen waren bei griechisch-römischen Wrestlern häufiger. Freestyle-Wrestler waren anfälliger für Muskelverletzungen, während griechisch-römische Wrestler anfälliger für Finger- und Handgelenksverletzungen waren. Es wird empfohlen, einige Fähigkeiten wie aerobe Kraft, Kraft, Gleichgewicht und neuromotorische Koordination beim Wrestling hervorragend zu verbessern. Die Techniken sollten den Wrestlern gut beigebracht werden, die meisten riskanten Extremitäten für Verletzungen müssen zusätzlich trainiert werden und diese Extremitäten sollten während des Trainings durch mehrere Bänder, Bandagen oder Zahnräder vor Verletzungen geschützt werden. Freestyle-Wrestler sollten beim Tauchen vorsichtiger sein. Die Verwendung von Gehörschutz zusätzlich zu vorbeugenden Maßnahmen kann während des Trainings empfohlen werden, um temporale Knochenbrüche und Schwellungen zu verhindern. Received: 04 November 2020 Accepted: 10 December 2021 Publication Date: 05 January 2022 (online) © 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany