Intensive research of nanocomposites contributes to the development of new materials in the fields of medicine, nanoelectronics, energy, biotechnology, information technology. Therefore, the synthesis of new materials by modifying of graphene oxide (GO) with nanocellulose and the study of its properties are of great interest. In this study synthesized nanocomposite material by modifying of graphene oxide (GO) from activated carbon (BAU-A) in a 1:1 volume ratio with nanocellulose (NC) from hemp stems belonging to the annual plant, and their chemical structure was studied by FTIR and UV-spectroscopy. The results of the study showed the absorption of the etheric bond C = O in the UV spectrum at full length 243 nm. The IR spectrum showed all the new etheric bonds O = C - OH at a wavelength of 1625 cm^-1. The average particle sizes of GO was 352 nm and NC was 470 nm in length and 80 nm in width. The SEM analysis indicating the NC as a contact layer between ultralow thicknesses of the GO layers. The XRD analysis indicated GO-NC composite film is a substance comprising GO and NC. According to the results, modification of graphene oxide showed that its scope can be expanded as much as possible.

Development of methods for effective processing of reconstructive biological resources and allocation of valuable materials refers to the main tasks of science and industry. The work determines the optimal hydro module and physico-chemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), obtained by the method of organosolvent oxidation of rice husk (RH), grown in the southern (Kyzylorda region) and southeast (Almaty region) of Kazakhstan, and it was established that the yield and the qualitative indicators of the MCC depends on the climatic and geographical features of the region, where raw materials are grown to obtain cellulose. The effective hydro module for MCC obtained from Bakanas rice husk (B-RH) was found to be 1:12 g/mL and yield was 45.0%, whereas Kyzylorda rice husk (K-RH) the effective hydromodule was 1:10 g/mL and yield found to be equal to 52.58%. During organosolvent oxidation, the selected method did not require additional processing of raw materials. It was discovered that for delignification, it takes 120 minutes of time, and the yield of MCC will be 15-18% higher than the cellulose obtained by the alkali. Rice husk is a promising alternative raw material for cellulose production and the use of the organosolvent method for obtaining an MCC is an economically advantageous and environmentally friendly method.

In this work, the possibility of obtaining biohydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent was investigated. CMC and HEC used in the work were synthesized from microcrystalline cellulose obtained from sunflower seed husks (SFH). More specifically, local agricultural waste was used as a raw material source for the monomers used to produce the hydrogel. The chemical and crystal structures of the synthesized hydrogel were analyzed using FTIR and XRD techniques, with comparisons made to the initial monomers.The thermal stability of the synthesized hydrogel was 580°C, and the mechanical strength was 134 kPa. According to the kinetics of swelling in water, it was found that the degree of swelling in the first two hours was 500%. The hydrogel synthesized on the basis of cellulose showed high potential for use as a biodegradable composite sorbent for purification of water from heavy metals, drug delivery and protect plants from drought. Key words: biohydrogel; carboxymethylcellulose; hydroxyethylcellulose; citric acid; swelling kinetics.

Starch-based biopolymers, derived from renewable resources, offer a sustainable alternative to plastic packaging. They are biodegradable, versatile, and increasingly cost-effective, though challenges remain in improving their properties. This research centered on developing a biodegradable biofilm from oxidized corn starch and carboxymethylcellulose, using succinic anhydride as a crosslinker. The biofilm’s mechanical strength, water absorption, and biodegradability were evaluated and compared to a commercial biopolymer. The biofilm exhibited a strength of 0.78 MPa, absorbed 0.21% water, and had a biodegradability rate of 0.008%. These findings suggest that the biofilm has significant potential for industrial applications, particularly in the biofilms and bioplastics sector. This study contributes to the ongoing global efforts to create sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic packaging, a critical aspect of environmental preservation. The promising characteristics of the synthesized biofilm indicate its potential to significantly influence the future of packaging materials. This research marks a progressive step in the pursuit of sustainable packaging solutions.

In the course of the research work, the influence of mechanical processing on the structural specificity of cellulose obtained by organo–solvent oxidation from cannabis, an annualraw material common in the East region, is considered. The features of the chemical structure and crystal structure of the modified cellulose were studied by the methods of IR-Fourier spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry and surface morphology by the optical microscopy method. One solution to the widespread use of mechanical processing is to consider a new habit. The method of mechanical processing using a natural polymer modification is environmentally and cost-effective. Cellulose obtained by organo-solvent oxidation from a hemp was machined in a ball mill, using balls with a diameter of 10 mm, at room temperature, at a rotation speed of 300 rpm. It was confirmed that the chemical structure of the obtained cellulose has not changed using the IR spectrum. The results of X-ray diffractometry were processed by the Segal method, making sure that the crystallinity index (CI) increased from 58.6% to 65.2%. As a result, it turned out that mechanical activation using a ball mill increases the crystallinity index due to the destruction of amorphous parts without changing the chemical structure of cellulose. This result opens the way for the selective production of the really desired crystalline degree of cellulose by mechanical processing.

The article comprehensively studies the possibility of obtaining microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from the husk of sorghum (SbH) (Sorghum Bicolor), an agricultural crop growing in the country. The research comprehensively studied the effective parameters for the production of MCC from SbH, its yield and quality characteristics, as well as physicochemical properties. When using a hydromodule for the extraction of MCC from SbH at a SbH/peroxyacetic acid ratio of 1:16 g/ml, the yield of MCC was high and reached 57.24%. The amount of α-cellulose in the obtained MCC was 61.32%. It has been established that the yield of MCC obtained by this organosolvent oxidation method is 10-25% higher than with the traditional method of alkaline treatment. The obtained MCC can be used as an ingredient in paper and cardboard production, pharmaceuticals, and composite materials. Keywords: Agricultural waste, sorghumbicolor husks, microcrystalline cellulose, organosolvent oxidation, FTIR, crystal structure.