Intensive research of nanocomposites contributes to the development of new materials in the fields of medicine, nanoelectronics, energy, biotechnology, information technology. Therefore, the synthesis of new materials by modifying of graphene oxide (GO) with nanocellulose and the study of its properties are of great interest. In this study synthesized nanocomposite material by modifying of graphene oxide (GO) from activated carbon (BAU-A) in a 1:1 volume ratio with nanocellulose (NC) from hemp stems belonging to the annual plant, and their chemical structure was studied by FTIR and UV-spectroscopy. The results of the study showed the absorption of the etheric bond C = O in the UV spectrum at full length 243 nm. The IR spectrum showed all the new etheric bonds O = C - OH at a wavelength of 1625 cm^-1. The average particle sizes of GO was 352 nm and NC was 470 nm in length and 80 nm in width. The SEM analysis indicating the NC as a contact layer between ultralow thicknesses of the GO layers. The XRD analysis indicated GO-NC composite film is a substance comprising GO and NC. According to the results, modification of graphene oxide showed that its scope can be expanded as much as possible.

In this work, the possibility of obtaining biohydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) using citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent was investigated. CMC and HEC used in the work were synthesized from microcrystalline cellulose obtained from sunflower seed husks (SFH). More specifically, local agricultural waste was used as a raw material source for the monomers used to produce the hydrogel. The chemical and crystal structures of the synthesized hydrogel were analyzed using FTIR and XRD techniques, with comparisons made to the initial monomers.The thermal stability of the synthesized hydrogel was 580°C, and the mechanical strength was 134 kPa. According to the kinetics of swelling in water, it was found that the degree of swelling in the first two hours was 500%. The hydrogel synthesized on the basis of cellulose showed high potential for use as a biodegradable composite sorbent for purification of water from heavy metals, drug delivery and protect plants from drought. Key words: biohydrogel; carboxymethylcellulose; hydroxyethylcellulose; citric acid; swelling kinetics.

The characterization and biomedical modification of bentonite clays from the Kalzhat deposit (Kzh), which is situated in Kazakhstan’s Zhetysu region, are the main objectives of this work. In order to improve the raw material’s structural qualities, the montmorillonite fraction was enriched, and coarse impurities were eliminated using the Salo method. The presence of meso- and micropores that guarantee high dispersity and specific surface area, as well as the prevalence of montmorillonite and kaolinite, was all confirmed by physicochemical analysis. Particle size measurements indicated finely dispersed structures with a propensity to aggregate, whereas thermal analysis demonstrated resilience under heating. After effective functionalization with silver nanoparticles, a porous hybrid system with improved surface reactivity was produced. These enhancements demonstrate the modified bentonite’s usefulness as a multifunctional carrier for the immobilization and controlled release of pharmaceuticals, with potential uses in drug delivery systems, antimicrobial coatings, and wound-healing materials. The material has potential use in sorption and environmental protection technologies in addition to its biomedical application. Overall, Kzh’s structural and functional performance is greatly improved by the combination of purification and functionalization with silver nanoparticles, highlighting its promise as a useful element in the development of next-generation polymer–composite systems.