High-performance and lightweight laminated hybrid composites were fabricated by using epoxy-impregnated carbon, Kevlar and hybrid fabrics. Carbon–Kevlar, carbon–hybrid, carbon–Kevlar–hybrid, and Kevlar–hybrid fabric epoxy matrix composites with 12 layers were synthesised using vacuum bag method. Tensile and three-point bending tests were used to determine the modulus of elasticity, % elongation, tensile strength, bending moment and bending strength of hybrid composites. The highest tensile strength, bending strength and bending moment were observed from carbon–Kevlar–epoxy matrix composite, while the lowest values were observed from the carbon–hybrid–epoxy matrix composite.

Natural wastes and inorganic adsorbents are used for the removal of diazo dye Congo red (CR), which causes water pollution and is a carcinogen, from wastewater. Organic waste olive pulp (ZK), inorganic ZrO₂ (Zr) and three different weight percent ZK/Zr (organic/inorganic) binary adsorbent systems prepared by ball-milling method were investigated for the effective removal of CR from wastewater. Characterization of both single and binary adsorbent systems were carried out by ATR/FTIR and SEM. According to the Langmuir isotherm, q_max values for ZK, Zr, 25ZK-75Zr, 50ZK-50Zr and 75ZK-25Zr at 45 °C were 588 mgg^-1, 13 mgg^-1, 46 mgg^-1, 65 mgg^-1 and 84 mgg^-1, respectively. According to Frumkin-Fowler–Guggenheim and Temkin isotherms, the adsorption heat was found to be exothermic for ZK and 75ZK-25Zr at all three temperatures, while it was found to be endothermic for Zr, 25ZK-75Zr and 50ZK-50Zr. It was observed that the ΔG° values calculated from the thermodynamic data were consistent with the values in the Flory-Huggings isotherm. According to the kinetic data, it was observed that all adsorbents except ZK obeyed the pseudo-first-order rate equation. It was shown by error calculations that the experimental data obeyed the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms better. It was observed that a new and effective organic/inorganic adsorbent system could be obtained by adding ZK to ZrO₂ for the removal of Congo red (CR) from water.

Pistachio shell, which has a layered, porous structure, is a natural polymer composed of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. This study investigates the catalytic performance of a composite catalyst made from pistachio shell (PS) and Raney Ni (Ra-Ni) in sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrolysis for hydrogen production. Characterization techniques, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TGA, and FESEM-EDX, were utilized to analyze the morphology and structure of the catalyst. To assess catalytic performance, the rate of H₂ generation was measured using a water displacement method at 298 K. A 0.15 g sample of catalyst, composed of 1:1 weight ratio of Ra-Ni and ball milled PS, was mixed with 100 mL of water and 1 wt% NaBH₄. H₂ production rate was monitored, providing insights into the catalyst's efficiency and effectiveness. Results demonstrated that the Ra-Ni and PS composite exhibited high catalytic activity, with H₂ generation rates of 409 mL g^- 1 catalyst after 450 s and 430 mL g^- 1 catalyst after 900 s, respectively. Activation energy of Ra-Ni-PS was 23.30 kJ mol^- 1. The produced composite has promising potential for H₂ production applications via NaBH₄ hydrolysis.