Objectives: To assess the additional diagnostic value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to prenatal ultrasonography (US) in fetal anomaly evaluation, using postnatal confirmation as the reference standard. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 104 fetal cases who underwent fetal MRI following suspicious or abnormal second- or third-trimester US findings between January 2022 and January 2025. US and MRI findings were compared, and diagnostic concordance was categorized. Postnatal confirmation was based on imaging, surgical, clinical, or pathological follow-up. Diagnostic accuracy rates were calculated using postnatal outcomes as the gold standard, and modality agreement was assessed using the kappa coefficient and McNemar test. Results: Postnatal confirmation data were available for 99 of the 104 cases, comprising 149 anomalies. MRI and US showed complete agreement in 79.8 % of cases. MRI provided additional diagnostic information over US in 10.6 % and showed discrepant findings in 9.6 %. Postnatal data confirmed that US correctly diagnosed 76.8 % of cases, while MRI reached 92.9 % diagnostic accuracy, a statistically significant difference (p=0.0015). The agreement between modalities was moderate (κ=0.54). MRI notably enhanced diagnostic accuracy, especially for central nervous system anomalies, and influenced postnatal clinical management. Conclusions: Fetal MRI significantly improves prenatal diagnostic accuracy over US, particularly in complex or ambiguous cases, with the most significant added value seen in central nervous system pathologies. Its complementary role enhances prenatal counseling and postnatal planning. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate its contribution across different organ systems.

Objectives: Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumours (LCCSCTs) are one of the infrequent causes of prepubertal gynaecomastia. Most of these tumours are in the content of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) or other familial syndromes (Carney complex). Case presentation: Here, we report a long-term follow-up of an 8.5-year-old prepubertal boy with a diagnosis of PJS, who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia, advanced bone age and accelerated growth velocity, and were found to have bilateral multifocal testicular microcalcifications. As the findings were compatible with LCCSCT, anastrozole was initiated. Gynaecomastia completely regressed and growth velocity and pubertal development were appropriate for age during follow-up. Testicular lesions slightly increased in size. After four years of medication, anastrozole was discontinued but was restarted due to the recurrence of gynaecomastia after six months. Conclusions: Testicular tumour should be investigated in a patient with PJS who presents with prepubertal gynaecomastia. When findings are consistent with LCCSCT, aromatase inhibitors may be preferred in the treatment.

Large ovarian cysts, regardless of whether benign or malignant, are uncommon and pose significant challenges in their management. This report discusses an adolescent diagnosed with a giant ovarian serous cystadenoma associated with a multifollicular ovarian morphology. A 17-year-old female patient was referred to us by a pediatrician due to abdominal distention and hirsutism. The physical examination showed that the patient reached Tanner Stage 5 development, indicating full maturity. There was noticeable abdominal distention and no organomegaly. Laboratory tests were unremarkable. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography and computed tomography were reported as a large cystic structure with thick walls and no septations, measuring 31.8×24.9×12.1 cm, possibly originating from the right ovary. The cyst was completely excised by laparotomy, while the ovarian tissue was preserved. It was observed that both ovaries had a multifollicular structure. Histopathological examination of the cyst was reported as a serous cystadenoma, which is a benign ovarian tumor. The latest follow-up of the patient was at six months after surgery, and the course of the follow-up was uneventful. The patient’s follow-up is still ongoing. In childhood and adolescence, ovarian masses are mostly benign regardless of their size, and ovarian-sparing surgery should be considered the first treatment option.

OBJECTIVE: Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is defined as enlarged cerebral lateral ventricles. The etiology of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is multifactorial. Aneuploidy in ventriculomegaly is detected especially in moderate and severe ventriculomegaly accompanied by structural anomalies. This study aims to evaluate patients with fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly for associated structural and genetic abnormalities and their obstetric and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between January 2009 and December 2019. Eighty-seven cases were included in the study and were evaluated for associated structural abnormalities. The results of genetic diagnostic tests were evaluated retrospectively. Postpartum information of the cases was obtained from the hospital records and neurodevelopmental development of the newborns was recorded. RESULTS: Patients were classified as mild, moderate, and severe ventriculomegaly. Concomitant structural abnormalities were observed in 64% of the patients. Corpus callosum agenesis was the most common abnormality. The incidence of accompanying anomalies in severe ventriculomegaly was found to be significantly higher. Invasive prenatal tests were performed on 27 patients and one of them had a chromosomal abnormality. No significant correlation was observed between the incidence of postpartum neurodevelopmental disorders and the degrees of ventriculomegaly. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is a dynamic process. The etiology is multifactorial and abnormalities can be detected during follow-up. All patients should be evaluated carefully for associated abnormalities. The cases should also be evaluated for neurodevelopmental outcomes after birth. All diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment options should be handled with a multidisciplinary approach.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate placental and fetal brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to investigate whether placental diffusion abnormalities are accompanied by alterations in fetal brain microstructure. Methods: In this retrospective study, 54 fetuses (25 FGR, 29 controls) who underwent third-trimester fetal magnetic resonance imaging were included. DWI was performed and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the placenta (central and peripheral regions) and fetal brain. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests, and gestational age (GA)-adjusted analyses were conducted using analysis of covariance.Results: Placental ADC values were significantly lower in the FGR group than controls in both central and peripheral regions (p