BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancies are more likely to be complicated with adverse perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents who have delivered singleton newborns. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort SETTINGS: A tertiary training and research hospital in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a review of adolescents and adults who delivered singleton newborns at a tertiary health center between January 2018 and June 2022. Pregnant adolescents were aged <20 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. SAMPLE SIZE: 2233 pregnant women (754 adolescents and 1479 adults) RESULTS: Turkish nationality was significantly less prevalent in pregnant adolescents than pregnant adults ( P =.001). Oligohydramnios, fetal growth restriction, perineal injury and postpartum intravenous iron treatment were significantly more prevalent in pregnant adolescents than pregnant adults ( P <.05 for all). The neonates born to adolescent mothers had significantly lower birth weight and first minute Apgar score than the neonates born to adult mothers ( P =.001 for both). Small for gestational age, need for intensive care and death were significantly more prevalent in neonates born to adolescent mothers than those born to adult mothers ( P =.001 for all). Compared with pregnant adults, pregnant adolescents had a significantly higher risk of oligohydramnios ( P =.001), preterm delivery ( P =.024), intravenous iron treatment ( P =.001), and small for gestational age ( P =.001). CONCLUSION: Due to the refugee population received by Turkey, it would be prudent to expect more frequent adolescent pregnancies. Adolescent pregnancies are more likely to be complicated with low birth weight, oligohydramnios, preterm delivery, postpartum iron treatment, lower Apgar scores, need for neonatal intensive care and neonatal death. LIMITATION: Retrospective.

Amaç: Serviks kanseri gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, hala en ölümcül kanserlerden biridir. Bugün human papilloma virüs (HPV)’ünün serviks kanserine neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Diğer risk faktörleri de viral persistansı artırıp karsinojenik süreci hızlandırır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sağlık yüksek okulu öğrencileri arasında HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşı bilgi düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve elde edilen veriler ışığında hem öğrencilere verilecek eğitim programlarının hem de toplum bilgilendirilmesine yönelik yapılacakların gözden geçirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sağlık Yüksek Okulu’ndaki birinci ve dördüncü sınıf toplam 245 öğrenciye 20 soruluk anket formu verilmiş ve cevaplamaları istenmiştir. Bulgular: HPV aşısı uygulaması olduğunu bilme oranı birinci sınıflarda %25, dördüncü sınıflarda %90.3 olup, 99 birinci sınıf öğrencisinin ve 11 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinin aşı konusunda herhangi bir bilgisi olmadığı tespit edildi. Aşının serviks kanserine karşı koruyucu olduğunu bilme oranı birinci sınıflarda % 9.8 iken dördüncü sınıflarda %63.7 idi. HPV aşısı ve enfeksiyonu hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri sınıflar arasında karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptandı (p<0.001). Sonuç: Sağlık yüksek okulu öğrencileri, geleceğin sağlık personeli olmaları ve HPV enfeksiyonu ve ilişkili komplikasyonlar açısından risk grubu oluşturmaları nedeniyle, HPV enfeksiyonu ve aşıları konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olması gereken önemli bir topluluktur. Ayrıca toplum sağlığı açısından HPV aşısı ve serviks kanser tarama programlarının tanıtılması ülke genelinde sürdürülmeye çalışılsa da yeterli düzeye ulaşılamamıştır. Medya organlarının daha aktif katılımıyla bu konuya yönelik önlemlerin süratle alınması gerektiği ve öğrencilere verilecek eğitim programlarının planlanmasında da; bu sonuçların katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Objective: This study aims to determine the protective effects of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and melatonin, an endogenous anti-oxidant, in an animal model of ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials/Methods: Thirty-five female rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R + 10 mg/kg apocynin), group IV (I/R + 20 mg/kg apocynin), and group V (I/R + 10 mg/kg melatonin). Ovarian tissue and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were measured. Ovarian histopathology was examined and Bax, caspase 3, and iNOS immunoreactivities were evaluated. Results: Preoperative apocynin and melatonin significantly increased SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively, for both apocynin and melatonin). In addition, preoperative apocynin and melatonin significantly decreased the ovarian I/R injury score (P < 0.01 for both). Bax, caspase 3, and iNOS immunoreactivities were significantly lower in the I/R + 10 mg/kg apocynin and I/R + 10 mg/kg melatonin groups than in the I/R group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Apocynin and melatonin are powerful anti-oxidant agents with considerable bioavailability and safety. Preoperative apocynin and melatonin administration might protect ovarian tissue from I/R injury after surgical adnexal detorsion.

Objectives: To assess the additional diagnostic value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to prenatal ultrasonography (US) in fetal anomaly evaluation, using postnatal confirmation as the reference standard. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 104 fetal cases who underwent fetal MRI following suspicious or abnormal second- or third-trimester US findings between January 2022 and January 2025. US and MRI findings were compared, and diagnostic concordance was categorized. Postnatal confirmation was based on imaging, surgical, clinical, or pathological follow-up. Diagnostic accuracy rates were calculated using postnatal outcomes as the gold standard, and modality agreement was assessed using the kappa coefficient and McNemar test. Results: Postnatal confirmation data were available for 99 of the 104 cases, comprising 149 anomalies. MRI and US showed complete agreement in 79.8 % of cases. MRI provided additional diagnostic information over US in 10.6 % and showed discrepant findings in 9.6 %. Postnatal data confirmed that US correctly diagnosed 76.8 % of cases, while MRI reached 92.9 % diagnostic accuracy, a statistically significant difference (p=0.0015). The agreement between modalities was moderate (κ=0.54). MRI notably enhanced diagnostic accuracy, especially for central nervous system anomalies, and influenced postnatal clinical management. Conclusions: Fetal MRI significantly improves prenatal diagnostic accuracy over US, particularly in complex or ambiguous cases, with the most significant added value seen in central nervous system pathologies. Its complementary role enhances prenatal counseling and postnatal planning. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate its contribution across different organ systems.

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is characterized by a classical triad of congenitally absent abdominal muscles, bilateral cryptorchidism, and a malformed urinary tract. Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSM) is identified with the absence of urogenital and anal openings. This case report describes a 15-week-old female fetus with megacystis, ascites and oligohydramnios in a 19-year-old nulliparous woman. The patient underwent preterm labor at the 33rd gestational week and delivered a female newborn weighing 2250 grams who died three days later due to progressive respiratory insufficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of an overlap between PBS and URSM in literature. Such an overlap refers to the existence of left renal agenesis, right renal cystic dysplasia, bilateral club foot and lumbar scoliosis as well as the absence of abdominal wall muscles, internal genital organs, urethral, vaginal and anal openings. This case report aims to remind the obstetricians about the concurrent occurrence of PBS with URSM and its poor prognosis.

Gunkaya OS, et al. Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2023 Apr;12(2):134-142. https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2023.12.2.134