Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on knowledge sharing and the moderating effects of individual demographics, organizational context and cultural context in that relationship.Design/methodology/approach: This study conducted a meta-analysis of 44 studies involving 14,023 participants to examine the direct and moderating effects of motivation on knowledge sharing.Findings: Results revealed that both extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors were associated with higher levels of knowledge sharing, while the effect was stronger for intrinsic motivation. Moreover, results revealed that substantial variance was explained by moderating variables. Further investigation revealed that individual characteristics (age, gender), organizational context (organizational setting vs. open system, IT infrastructure) and cultural context (collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, performance orientation, power distance) moderated the motivation and knowledge sharing relationship.Research limitations/implications: As a meta-analysis, this study is confined to variables that have been frequently analyzed in prior research. Future research could further increase our understanding of different types of knowledge sharing and various boundary conditions.Practical implications: Organizations should provide customized incentive systems to specific target groups to align motivation and knowledge sharing. Multinational organizations may consider different motivation schemes across countries to better suit cultural differences.Originality/value: Despite a growing number of studies highlighting the important role of motivation in predicting knowledge sharing, the evidence is mixed. Based on a meta-analysis, this study identified true relationships and identified moderating effects that help explain prior mixed results.

Purpose: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is the most frequently used model in knowledge sharing. However, the empirical results are inconclusive on whether TPB can provide reasonable prediction of knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). This study aims to examine TPB in knowledge sharing and identify potential moderators of relationships among constructs in TPB. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies examining TPB in knowledge sharing. A meta-analytical structural equation model (MASEM) was used to test original and modified TPB models and examine potential moderators. Findings: The results show that attitude has the strongest relationship with intention, followed by perceived behavior control and then subjective norms. Intention shows the strongest association with KSB, followed by perceived behavior control. The moderator roles of culture, economic wealth and information technology support are found in the model. Originality/value: This study is the first attempt to provide a systematic review and MASEM in TPB in knowledge sharing.

Organizational knowledge is regarded as a key source of sustainable competitive advantages for organizations. Along with the development of information technology, organizations often find many ways to facilitate the online knowledge sharing process. However, the establishment of successful online knowledge sharing initiatives seems to be challenging to accomplish. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the factors that affect employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior in organizations by examining the integration of two social psychology models—the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A total of 501 complete responses, from full-time employees in Vietnamese tele-communication companies, were collected and used for data analysis using structural equation modelling. The overall findings of this study appear to coincide with the propositions of the TAM and the TPB, which this research model was built on. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness significantly affect employees’ attitudes toward knowledge sharing. In turn, attitudes, along with subjective norms and perceived behavior control (PBC), have a positive influence on knowledge sharing intentions (KSI). Consequently, KSI can be used to predict knowledge donating and knowledge collecting.