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Muhammad Riaz
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Chemosphere
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Fomesafen is an herbicide used in soybean production, and sugar beet is a sensitive crop to fomesafen. When the herbicide is sprayed in the field, it is easy to cause floating and depositing on non-target crops, resulting in crop poisoning and reducing yield. There are few on the phenomenon and mechanism of fomesafen herbicide drift on sugar beet. There are few reports on the phenomenon and mechanism of ether herbicide migration on phytotoxicity of sugar beet. Therefore, in this experiment, indoor potted plants were used to simulate the dose of fomesafen drift deposited on sugar beet in the field to study the effects of fomesafen on the growth, photosynthetic system, and physiological indexes of seedlings for sugar beet were studied. The results showed that fomesafen at the dose of 225 g a.i. ha−1 significantly inhibited the plant height, root length, and biomass of sugar beet. Compared with the control, the net photosynthetic rate, stoma conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll pigment content of leaves were reduced by 77.16%, 83.84%, 64.00%, and 28.13%, respectively. Treatment with a dose of 225 g a.i. ha−1 also damaged the photosynthetic system II of the leaves, lowering the performance index on absorption energy, maximum quantum yield and, the energy of electron transfer, causing photoinhibition and photodamage. In addition, fomesafen significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of peroxidase in leaves of sugar beet, reducing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Overall, this study is helpful to understand the drift and deposition of fomesafen on sugar beet and to discuss the phytotoxicity risk and dose of fomesafen on the beet, as a result of controlling the dose of fomesafen sprayed in the field.

ACS Style

Xingfan Li; Jiyu Du; Baiquan Song; Xi Zhang; Muhammad Riaz. Fomesafen drift affects morphophysiology of sugar beet. Chemosphere 2021, 132073 .

AMA Style

Xingfan Li, Jiyu Du, Baiquan Song, Xi Zhang, Muhammad Riaz. Fomesafen drift affects morphophysiology of sugar beet. Chemosphere. 2021; ():132073.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingfan Li; Jiyu Du; Baiquan Song; Xi Zhang; Muhammad Riaz. 2021. "Fomesafen drift affects morphophysiology of sugar beet." Chemosphere , no. : 132073.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Boron (B)-deficiency is one of the main factors limiting plant growth. Here, we assessed the effects of exogenous proline on mitigating B-deficiency of trifoliate orange seedlings in a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that B-deficiency-induced higher oxidative stress and deleterious to seedling growth. Exogenous proline application enhanced the proline accumulation in leaf and root, especially in root, and attenuated B-deficiency-induced root malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, which had a positive effects on the growth-related parameters in terms of plant height and root length. Moreover, exogenous proline addition promoted the accumulation of B in root and the formation of pectin and cellulose in root cell wall during B-deficiency. Proline metabolic pathway-related enzymes (pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductase (P5CR), and ornithine transaminase (OAT)) in conjunction with correlation analysis showed that all synthetases in proline metabolism pathway have negative regulation on proline synthesis, yet only OAT activity showed a positive correlation with proline, accompanied by higher OAT expression in root under the conditions of exogenous proline applied with B-deficiency. Collectively, exogenous proline stimulated glutamate and ornithine pathways to promote proline biosynthesis in leaf, whereas only ornithine pathway as a dominant role in proline biosynthesis in root under B-deficiency. And the accumulation of root proline promoted the distribution of B in root, which stimulated the antioxidant defense system to attenuate the oxidative damage of root, and then reduced the thickness of cell wall, thus rescues B-deficiency-induced inhibition on root elongation.

ACS Style

Lei Yan; Yu Zeng; Muhammad Riaz; Jin Cheng; Cuncang Jiang. Exogenous proline triggered internal tolerance mechanism in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) acclimated to boron-deficiency. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 288, 110412 .

AMA Style

Lei Yan, Yu Zeng, Muhammad Riaz, Jin Cheng, Cuncang Jiang. Exogenous proline triggered internal tolerance mechanism in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) acclimated to boron-deficiency. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 288 ():110412.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yan; Yu Zeng; Muhammad Riaz; Jin Cheng; Cuncang Jiang. 2021. "Exogenous proline triggered internal tolerance mechanism in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) acclimated to boron-deficiency." Scientia Horticulturae 288, no. : 110412.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.

ACS Style

Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4192 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Javed, Zaffar Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Ghulam Abbasi, Asma Majeed, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Rafay, Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. 2021. "Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4192.

Research article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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Untreated wastewater contains toxic amounts of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), which poses a serious threat to the growth and physiology of plants when used in irrigation. Though, Cr is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. To explore the interactive effects of micronutrients with amino acid chelators [iron-lysine (Fe-lys) and zinc-lysine (Zn-lys)], pot experiments were conducted in a controlled environment, using spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant irrigated with tannery wastewater. S. oleracea was treated without Fe and Zn-lys (0 mg/L Zn-lys and 0 mg/L Fe-lys) and also treated with various combinations of (interactive application) Fe and Zn-lys (10 mg/L Zn-lys and 5 mg/L Fe-lys), when cultivated at different levels [0 (control) 33, 66 and 100%) of tannery wastewater in the soil having a toxic level of Cr in it. According to the results, we have found that, high concentration of Cr in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE) and the contents of Zn and Fe in the plant organs without foliar application of Zn and Fe-lys. Moreover, phytotoxicity of Cr increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the plant organs (roots and leaves), which induced oxidative damage in S. oleracea manifested by the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane leakage. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Zn and Fe-lys application, which significantly (P < 0.05) increase plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Furthermore, the supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe and Zn) and decreased the content of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. Taken together, foliar supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys alleviates Cr toxicity in S. oleracea by increased morpho-physiological attributes of the plants, decreased Cr contents and increased micronutrients uptake by the soil, and can be an effective in heavy metal toxicity remedial approach for other crops.

ACS Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2020, 26, 2435 -2452.

AMA Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Riaz, Sehar Javed, Anam Sehar, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2020; 26 (12):2435-2452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2020. "Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26, no. 12: 2435-2452.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The temperature increase around the world is leading to generation of drought, which is a big threat to the productivity of crops. Abiotic stresses like drought increase the ethylene level in plants. In higher plants, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) is considered as the immediate precursor of ethylene biosynthesis. The application of ACC-deaminase (ACCD) possessing rhizobacteria could ameliorate the harmful results of drought stress by transforming ACC into non-harmful products. Biogas slurry (BGS) improves the water-holding capacity and structure of the soil. Thus, we speculated that the integrated application of ACCD possessing rhizobacteria and BGS might be an efficient approach to mitigate the drought stress for better wheat productivity. A field experiment was conducted under skipped irrigation situations. On the tillering stage (SIT) and flowering stage (SIF), the irrigations were skipped, whereas the recommended four irrigations were maintained in the control treatment. The results of this field experiment exposed that the ACCD possessing rhizobacterial inoculations with BGS considerably improved the stomatal and sub-stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rates up to 98%, 46%, 38%, and 73%, respectively, compared to the respective uninoculated controls. The Pseudomonas moraviensis with BGS application improved the grain yield and plant height up to 30.3% and 24.3%, respectively, where irrigation was skipped at the tillering stage, as compared to the uninoculated controls. The data obtained revealed that the P. moraviensis inoculation + BGS treatment significantly increased the relative water content (RWC), catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, as well as grain and shoot phosphorus contents, up to 37%, 40%, 75%, 19%, and 84%, respectively, at SIF situation. The results depicted that the P. moraviensis with BGS application under drought stress could be applied for enhancing the physiological, yield, and growth attributes of wheat.

ACS Style

Rizwan Yaseen; Omar Aziz; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye; Muzammal Rehman; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Hamed El-Serehy; Fahad Al-Misned; Parvaiz Ahmad. Ameliorating the Drought Stress for Wheat Growth through Application of ACC-Deaminase Containing Rhizobacteria along with Biogas Slurry. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6022 .

AMA Style

Rizwan Yaseen, Omar Aziz, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye, Muzammal Rehman, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Hamed El-Serehy, Fahad Al-Misned, Parvaiz Ahmad. Ameliorating the Drought Stress for Wheat Growth through Application of ACC-Deaminase Containing Rhizobacteria along with Biogas Slurry. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rizwan Yaseen; Omar Aziz; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye; Muzammal Rehman; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Hamed El-Serehy; Fahad Al-Misned; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Ameliorating the Drought Stress for Wheat Growth through Application of ACC-Deaminase Containing Rhizobacteria along with Biogas Slurry." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6022.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2020 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils resulting from various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelates in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants has recently been suggested. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of iron (Fe) chelated with lysine (lys) on plant growth, biomass, gaseous exchange attributes, oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant response, and Cr uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater in soil collected from District Kasur of Pakistan. B. napus seedlings (thirty-day-old) were shifted to pots irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. After two weeks, foliar application of Fe–lys (5 mM) was carried out for four successive weeks, and plants were harvested carefully post ten weeks of cultivation in tannery wastewater, under controlled conditions. Toxic levels of Cr in the soil significantly decreased plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE). Toxic Cr levels in the soil also increased oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of B. napus plants, which were overcome by the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, increasing levels of Cr in the soil caused a significant increase in the Cr content of the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Fe–lys application, significantly increasing plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, foliar application of Fe–lys reduced the Cr concentration and increased essential micronutrients (Fe contents) in the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. These results shed light on the effectiveness of Fe–lys in improving the growth and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of B. napus in response to Cr stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Fe–lys-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cr, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.

ACS Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Imran; Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Riaz; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mona H. Soliman. Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 155, 70 -84.

AMA Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muhammad Imran, Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi, Basmah M. Alharbi, Muhammad Riaz, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mona H. Soliman. Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 155 ():70-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Muhammad Imran; Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi; Basmah M. Alharbi; Muhammad Riaz; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mona H. Soliman. 2020. "Role of iron–lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 155, no. : 70-84.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Boron (B) is indispensable for plant growth and has been reported in the mitigation of aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plants. This study focused on the efficacy of B in reducing Al toxicity to trifoliate orange seedlings in a hydroponic experiment. Boron supply had a positive effect on root length and plant growth-related parameters and attenuated Al-induced inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) revealed that B reduced Al accumulation in root cell wall, especially on pectin fractions (alkali-soluble pectin), accompanied by suppressing pectin synthesis, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and PME expression. Furthermore, B application inhibited NRAT1 expression while increased ALS1 expression, indicating restraining Al transport from external cells to cytoplasm and accelerating accelerating vacuolar sequestration. The results were further demonstrated by transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS) analysis. Taken together, our results indicated that B mainly promoted the efflux of H+ by regulating the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, and reduced the demethylation of pectin to weaken Al binding to carboxyl. More importantly, B alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al by compartmentalizing Al into vacuoles and decreasing the deposition of Al in cytoplasm.

ACS Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Jiayou Liu; Yalin Liu; Yu Zeng; Cuncang Jiang. Boron reduces aluminum deposition in alkali-soluble pectin and cytoplasm to release aluminum toxicity. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 401, 123388 .

AMA Style

Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Jiayou Liu, Yalin Liu, Yu Zeng, Cuncang Jiang. Boron reduces aluminum deposition in alkali-soluble pectin and cytoplasm to release aluminum toxicity. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 401 ():123388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Jiayou Liu; Yalin Liu; Yu Zeng; Cuncang Jiang. 2020. "Boron reduces aluminum deposition in alkali-soluble pectin and cytoplasm to release aluminum toxicity." Journal of Hazardous Materials 401, no. : 123388.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Agronomy
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Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. K deficiency seriously affects protein and carbohydrate synthesis in the leaves of plants. The present study was carried out with two cotton genotypes with low K tolerance to investigate the different changes on chemical composition and structure in leaves of K-efficient cotton genotypes under low K stress by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology. The results showed that K deficiency decreased the leaf photosynthetic pigments in both genotypes, but significant observations were noted in K-efficient genotype 103. FTIR spectra and semiquantitative analysis revealed that the cell membrane permeability, cell wall pectin, protein, and polysaccharides of leaves were greatly influenced by K deficiency, and the changes were more significant in the leaf of genotype 122, indicating a better adaptation to low K in genotype 103. The results of this study revealed that the difference of low K adaptation of these two cotton genotypes might be related to maintaining cell wall integrity and carbohydrate transport in cells. These different compositional and structural changes in the leaves of the two cotton genotypes under K-deficient level gain a new physiological mechanism of K efficiency in cotton.

ACS Style

Xiuwen Wu; Yanshu Hao; Muhammad Riaz; Cuncang Jiang. Changes in Leaf Structure and Chemical Compositions Investigated by FTIR Are Correlated with Different Low Potassium Adaptation of Two Cotton Genotypes. Agronomy 2020, 10, 479 .

AMA Style

Xiuwen Wu, Yanshu Hao, Muhammad Riaz, Cuncang Jiang. Changes in Leaf Structure and Chemical Compositions Investigated by FTIR Are Correlated with Different Low Potassium Adaptation of Two Cotton Genotypes. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuwen Wu; Yanshu Hao; Muhammad Riaz; Cuncang Jiang. 2020. "Changes in Leaf Structure and Chemical Compositions Investigated by FTIR Are Correlated with Different Low Potassium Adaptation of Two Cotton Genotypes." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 479.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2020 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Boron (B)-deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity are two major factors limiting plant growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous proline (Pro) on the antioxidant enzyme system and leaf structure under B-deficiency and Al toxicity. Citrus seedlings were exposed to 10 μM B (CK), 0.1 μM B (–B), 300 μM AlCl3·6H2O (+Al), and double stress with 0.1 μM B and 300 μM Al (–B + Al), while 0 and 0.2 mM proline levels were applied to the nutrient solution. The results showed that exogenous proline limited plant growth, similarly, both B-deficiency and Al toxicity showed extremely inhibition on seedlings and exhibited higher oxidative stress compared with the control. Addition of proline attenuated B-deficiency-induced H2O2 accumulation in leaves by regulating antioxidant enzyme system in terms of membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that exogenous proline increased cellulose and protein contents under B-deficiency. By contrast, proline supply considerably inhibited plant growth-related parameters accompanied by higher MDA and H2O2 contents under Al stress. Taken together, our results suggest that exogenous proline is deleterious to seedling growth. Exogenous proline alleviated B-deficiency-induced injury on plants compared to without proline under B-deficiency, while aggravated Al toxicity. This study may provide physiological insights into understanding the mechanisms of B-deficiency in plants with exogenous proline.

ACS Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Cuncang Jiang. Exogenous application of proline alleviates B-deficiency-induced injury while aggravates aluminum toxicity in trifoliate orange seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 268, 109372 .

AMA Style

Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Cuncang Jiang. Exogenous application of proline alleviates B-deficiency-induced injury while aggravates aluminum toxicity in trifoliate orange seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 268 ():109372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Cuncang Jiang. 2020. "Exogenous application of proline alleviates B-deficiency-induced injury while aggravates aluminum toxicity in trifoliate orange seedlings." Scientia Horticulturae 268, no. : 109372.

Preprint content
Published: 13 December 2019 in bioRxiv
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Boron (B) is indispensable for plant growth and has been reported in the mitigation of aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plants. This study unraveled the efficacy of B in reducing the toxicity of Al to trifoliate orange seedlings in a hydroponic experiment. In the current study, B supply had a positive effect on root length and plant growth-related parameters, and attenuated Al-induced inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. The results of XPS and SEM-EDS revealed that B reduces the Al accumulation in root cell wall (CW), especially acts on pectin fractions (alkali-soluble pectin), accompanied by suppressing the pectin synthesis, inhibiting pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and PME expression. Furthermore, B application inhibits NRAT1 expression while increases ALS1 expression, which are responsible for restraining Al transport from external cells to the cytoplasm and accelerating Al divert to vacuoles, and the results can be further demonstrated by TEM-EDS analysis. Taken together, our results indicated that B mainly promotes the efflux of H+ by regulating the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, futhur reduce the demethylation of pectin to weaken Al binding ability to carboxyl. More importantly, B alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al by decreasing the deposition of Al in cytoplasm and compartmentalizes Al into vacuoles.One-sentence summaryBoron can reduce the binding amount of carboxyl group to Al in pectin, decreasing the deposition of Al in cytoplasm and compartmentalizes Al into vacuoles, thereby reduce the toxicity of Al to plants..

ACS Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Jiayou Liu; Yalin Liu; Yu Zeng; Cuncang Jiang. Boron alters carboxyl group binding capacity and Al transport pathway to relieve Al toxicity. bioRxiv 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Jiayou Liu, Yalin Liu, Yu Zeng, Cuncang Jiang. Boron alters carboxyl group binding capacity and Al transport pathway to relieve Al toxicity. bioRxiv. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Yan; Muhammad Riaz; Jiayou Liu; Yalin Liu; Yu Zeng; Cuncang Jiang. 2019. "Boron alters carboxyl group binding capacity and Al transport pathway to relieve Al toxicity." bioRxiv , no. : 1.