Background/Objectives: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a significant global health concern, closely linked to metabolic syndrome and characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Carvedilol (CARV), a non-selective β-blocker, has long been used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, but emerging evidence suggests that it also exhibits metabolic regulatory properties, particularly in hepatic lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism and has been implicated in the development of hepatic steatosis. This research aimed to investigate the effects of carvedilol on hepatic lipid synthesis and the potential role of APOC3 downregulation in this process. Methods: Through a combination of in vivo and in vitro models. Results:we demonstrate that CARV significantly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation by downregulating APOC3 expression. Mechanistic assays revealed that CARV suppresses de novo lipogenesis and facilitates fatty acid β-oxidation by activating the AMPK signaling pathway in hepatocytes. In HFF-induced MAFLD mice, CARV ameliorated hepatic steatosis, liver injury, lobular inflammation and collagen deposition. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings identify a novel metabolic protective function of carvedilol, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for MAFLD and related metabolic diseases.

Trillium camschatcense, a plant renowned for its ecological and medicinal value, is predominantly found in the temperate forests of East Asia. However, its habitat is increasingly threatened from climate change, habitat fragmentation, and intensified human activities. In this study, the Maxent (Maximum Entropy) model was used to assess the current ecological suitability of T. camschatcense based on historical climate data (1970–2000), and further simulate its potential distribution shifts under multiple future climate change scenarios to predict long-term habitat variation trends across northeast China. All modeling and spatial mapping analyses were performed using MaxEnt and ArcGIS 10.8.1 software. Drawing upon 93 known distribution points and 26 pertinent environmental variables covering climate, soil, and elevation, we built species distribution models for both present and future periods to pinpoint the crucial environmental factors influencing its distribution. Our findings revealed that elevation, soil nitrogen content, seasonal temperatures, annual precipitation, mean temperature during the coldest quarter, and mean diurnal temperature range were the primary factors influencing the distribution of T. camschatcense. Notably, highly suitable habitats were predominantly concentrated in Baishan City and the southwestern region of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province. This insight offers valuable scientific guidance for the conservation planning, sustainable utilization, and potential introduction and cultivation of T. camschatcense. Furthermore, targeted conservation strategies can help identify climate refugia and protect climatically stable habitats for the long-term persistence and resilience of the species under continuous global warming.