Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains a challenge due to high mortality and resistance to treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) technology (anti-CD19) may offer an opportunity for an immune system reset and long-term disease remission, eliminating the need for lifelong medication. Material and Methods: This narrative review is based on a literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2023 to 2026. The main search phrases were: “CAR-T in systemic sclerosis”, “CAR-T scleroderma”, and “CAR-T SSc.” Results: CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy led to significant clinical improvement across analyzed cases. The median modified Rodnan skin score decreased by 8–13 points within 3–6 months. Disease activity, measured by the European Scleroderma Trials and Research Group Activity Index (EUSTAR-AI), showed a mean improvement ranging from 2.1 to 4.2 points. Pulmonary function remained stable or improved, with forced vital capacity increasing by up to 7% in responders. The safety profile was manageable, primarily consisting of grade 1 cytokine release syndrome in approximately 75–80% of patients. Conclusions: CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy is a promising investigational option for patients with refractory SSc. Limitations include small study groups and a lack of randomized controlled trials, warranting further validation in ongoing clinical studies.

BACKGROUND The most common vascular lesions of the liver are hepatic hemangiomas (HH), which are generally asymptomatic and do not require medical intervention. However, when the lesions are large or multiple, they can be a significant clinical problem. This report describes a unique case of an elderly patient with isolated hepatic hemangiomatosis associated with the onset of consumptive coagulopathy and hemolytic anemia, ultimately resulting in liver failure and death. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old man presented with jaundice, progressive weight loss, fatigue, lower-limb edema, and recurrent epistaxis. Laboratory findings revealed normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated hepatomegaly with multiple hypoechoic and hypodense focal lesions, initially raising suspicion of metastatic disease. Colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no evidence of malignancy. A core-needle biopsy of the hepatic lesions, complemented by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confirmed the benign nature of the lesions, consistent with isolated hepatic hemangiomatosis. The patient was managed symptomatically and discharged home with recommendations for continued outpatient monitoring and urgent consultation in the event of any clinical deterioration. Unfortunately, after 3 months of relative symptoms improvement, he developed gastrointestinal bleeding and acute liver failure, which ultimately resulted in his death. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic vascular lesions are diagnostically challenging; definitive diagnosis requires correlation of clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings, as well as multidisciplinary consultation. The clinical course of hepatic hemangiomatosis ranges from benign to life-threatening, with potential complications such as hepatic failure or coagulopathy.

Celem artykułu była analiza zmian w postawach kobiet wobec ciąży i poczętego dziecka, na przestrzeni ostatnich 50 lat, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem akceptacji ciąży, gotowości do pełnienia roli matki, sposobu postrzegania dziecka w okresie prenatalnym oraz kształtowania więzi prenatalnej. Badania przeprowadzono na początku 2026 roku metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem autorskiej ankiety internetowej. W badaniu uczestniczyły kobiety, które urodziły dzieci w latach 1980-2026. Analiza zgromadzonego materiału empirycznego wykazała wysoki poziom akceptacji ciąży oraz gotowości do podjęcia roli matki w większości badanych kohort. Zaobserwowano również stopniowy wzrost postrzegania poczętego dziecka jako odrębnej istoty oraz wzrost znaczenia emocjonalnej więzi prenatalnej. Wyniki wskazują, że współczesne kobiety częściej traktują ciążę nie tylko jako stan biologiczny, lecz także jako początek relacji z dzieckiem. W badanej grupie widoczny był również wzrost emocjonalnego zaangażowania matek, przejawiającego się m.in. reagowaniem na ruchy dziecka, rozmowami z nim oraz wyobrażaniem sobie dziecka po narodzinach. Uzyskane rezultaty sugerują istotne przemiany psychospołecznego rozumienia macierzyństwa oraz prenatalnego doświadczenia relacji matka-dziecko w ciągu ostatnich dekad.

Introduction: Doomscrolling refers to a problematic pattern of compulsive engagement with negative or distressing news, particularly through social media, which may be difficult to interrupt despite its adverse emotional consequences, such as high distress and low well-being levels. However, more research is required to explain the link between doomscrolling and mental health in the context of other phenomena related to addiction-like behavior, such as problematic social media use (PSMU) and fear of missing out (FOMO). This study examines for assessing doomscrolling in the Polish cultural setting associations between doomscrolling, maladaptive media use and mental health dimensions. Methods: The total sample of 585 adults aged 18 to 79 ( M = 27.66, SD = 10.37), including 49% men, participated in the cross-sectional study. The sample was divided into Sample 1 ( n = 291) and Sample 2 ( n = 294) to examine structural validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. The following tools were used to assess criterion validity: Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Fear of Missing Out scale (FOMO), the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results: Both EFA and CFA revealed a one-factor structure for the DS-15, with a single factor explaining 65% of the variance in doomscrolling. Reliability of the DS-15 was 0.96 for Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω, in both samples, and an adequate fit to the data in Sample 2, including χ ² / df = 2.44, SRMR = 0.042, RMSEA = 0.070 (95% CI = 0.029; 0.112), and CFI = 0.964. Although EFA yielded a one-factor solution for the brief 4-item version of the scale (DS-4), the fit indices were unacceptable in CFA. Doomscrolling, assessed by the DS-15, was negatively related to life satisfaction and positively related to daily smartphone and social media use, PSMU, FOMO, distress symptoms, and self-rated socioeconomic status. No relationships were found between doomscrolling and age, gender, and education levels. Conclusions: The unidimensional DS-15 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing doomscrolling in Polish-language samples. It is not recommended to use the short version of the Doomscrolling Scale.

Erythropoiesis-targeted doping remains a major challenge for sports medicine because pharmacological and genetic manipulation of erythropoiesis can improve oxygen transport and endurance performance while increasing the risk of serious cardiovascular complications. Erythropoiesis-targeting strategies extend beyond recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) to include hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), modified erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) agonists, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling inhibitors, cytoprotective EPO derivatives, and gene- or cell-based approaches, and require complementary detection strategies based on direct analytical methods and the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Although they may enhance oxygen delivery and endurance performance, excessive stimulation of erythropoiesis may increase blood viscosity, impair vascular function, and elevate the risk of hypertension, thromboembolic complications, and other cardiovascular (CV) events. Erythropoiesis-targeted doping has evolved beyond recombinant EPO into a diverse group of pharmacological and genetic strategies that require increasingly sophisticated detection approaches. A thorough understanding of their molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular consequences is essential for improving anti-doping surveillance and protecting athlete health. This review summarizes current erythropoiesis-targeting agents, their mechanisms of action, detection strategies, cardiovascular risks, and implications for anti-doping practice.